299
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Teaching and Assessing Deductive Reasoning Skills

Pages 107-136 | Published online: 07 Aug 2010

References

  • Alexander, P. A., Sperl, C. T., Buehl, M. M., Fives, H., & Chiu, S. (2004). Modeling domain learning: Profiles from the field of special education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 545-557.
  • Allard, F., & Starkes, J. L. (1991). Motor-skill experts in sports, dance, and other domains. In K. A. Ericsson & J. Smith (Eds.), Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits (pp. 126-152). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Anderson, J. R. (1990). Cognitive psychology and its implications (3rd ed.). New York: Freeman.
  • Anderson, K. C., & Leinhardt, G. (2002). Maps as representations: Expert novice comparison of project understanding. Cognition & Instruction, 20, 283-322.
  • Barnett, S. M., & Koslowski, B. (2002). Adaptive expertise: Effects of type of experience and the level of theoretical understanding it generates. Thinking and Reasoning, 8, 237-267.
  • Baron, J. (2000). Thinking and deciding (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Bucciarelli, M., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1999). Strategies in syllogistic reasoning. Cognitive Science, 23, 247-303.
  • Byrnes, J. P. (2001). Cognitive development and learning (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Chase, W. G., & Simon, H. A. (1973). Perception in chess. Cognitive Psychology, 4, 55-81.
  • Chen, Z., & Klahr, D. (1999). All other things being equal: Acquisition and transfer of the control of variables strategy. Child Development, 70, 1098-1120.
  • Cheng, P., Holyoak, K. J., Nisbett, R. E., & Oliver, L. (1986). Pragmatic versus syntactic approaches to training deductive reasoning. Cognitive Psychology, 18, 293-328.
  • Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (rev. ed.). New York: Academic Press.
  • Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing.
  • Cosmides, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31, 187-276.
  • de Groot, A. D. (1965). Thought and choice in chess. The Hague: Mouton.
  • Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The acquisition of expert performance. In K. A. Ericsson (Ed.), The road to excellence (pp. 1-50). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49, 725-747.
  • Ericsson, K. A., & Kintsch, W. (1995). Long-term working memory. Psychological Review, 102, 211-245.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T. (2000). What could and could not be a strategy in reasoning? In W. Schaeken, G. De Vooght, A. Vandierendonck, & G. d'Ydewalle (Eds.), Deductive reasoning strategies (pp. 1-22). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T., & Brooks, P. G. (1981). Competing with reasoning: A test of the working memory hypothesis. Current Psychological Research, 1, 139-147.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T., & Lynch, J. S. (1973). Matching bias in the selection task. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 391-397.
  • Evans, J. St. B. T., & Over, D. E. (1996). Rationality and reasoning. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
  • Ford, M. (1995). Two modes of mental representation and problem solving in syllogistic reasoning. Cognition, 54, 1-71.
  • Galotti, K. M. (1989). Approaches to studying formal and everyday reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 105, 331-351.
  • Galotti, K. M., Baron, J., & Sabini, J. P. (1986). Individual differences in syllogistic reasoning: Deduction rules or mental models? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 16-25.
  • Glass, G. V., & Hopkins, K. D. (1996). Statistical methods in education and psychology (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
  • Gobet, F., & Simon, H. A. (1996). Templates in chess memory: A mechanism for recalling several boards. Cognitive Psychology, 31, 1-40.
  • Hardman, D. (1998). Does reasoning occur in the selection task? A comparison of relevance-based theories. Thinking and Reasoning, 4, 353-376.
  • Hurley, P. J. (2002). A concise introduction to logic. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
  • Johnson-Laird, P.N. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1999). Deductive reasoning. Annual Review of Psychology, 50, 109-135.
  • Johnson-Laird, P. N., & Bara, B. G. (1984). Syllogistic inference. Cognition, 16, 1-61.
  • Keppel, G. (1991). Design and analysis: A researcher's handbook (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kirby, K. (1994). Probabilities and utilities of fictional outcomes in Wason's four-card selection task. Cognition, 51, 1-28.
  • Klaczynski, P., Byrnes, J. P., & Jacobs, J. E. (2001). Introduction to the special issue. The development of decision making. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 22, 225-236.
  • Klaczynski, P. A., & Narasimham, G. (1998). Development of scientific reasoning biases: Cognitive versus ego-protective explanations. Developmental Psychology, 34, 175-187.
  • Klauer, K. C., Stegmaier, R., & Meiser, T. (1997). Working memory involvement in propositional and spatial reasoning. Thinking and Reasoning, 3, 9-47.
  • Klenck, V. (2001). Understanding symbolic logic (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Kuhn, D. (1992). Piaget's child as scientist. In H. Beilin & P. Pufall (Eds.), Piaget's theory: Prospects and possibilities (pp. 185-210). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Kuhn, D. (2001). Why development does (and does not) occur: Evidence from the domain of inductive reasoning. In J. L. McClelland & R. Siegler (Eds.), Mechanisms of cognitive development: Behavioral and neural perspectives (pp. 221-249). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Kuhn, D., Garcia-Mila, M., Zohar, A., & Anderson, C. (1995). Strategies of knowledge acquisition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 60 (4, Serial No. 245).
  • Lehman, D. R., Lempert, R. O., & Nisbett, R. E. (1988). The effects of graduate training on reasoning: Formal discipline and thinking about everyday life events. American Psychologist, 43, 431-443.
  • Leighton, J. P. (2001, April). An analysis of students' hypothesis testing skills. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Seattle, WA.
  • Leighton, J. P., & Sternberg, R. J. (2003). Reasoning and problem solving. In A. F. Healy & R. W. Proctor (Vol. Eds.), Experimental psychology (pp. 623-648). New York: Wiley.
  • Leighton, J. P., & Sternberg, R. J. (Eds.). (2004). The nature of reasoning. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Markovits, H., Doyon, C., & Simoneau, M. (in press). Individual differences in working memory and conditional reasoning with concrete and abstract content. Thinking and Reasoning.
  • Meiser, T., Klauer, K. C., & Naumer, B. (2001). Propositional reasoning and working memory: The role of prior training and pragmatic content. Acta Psychologica, 106, 303-327.
  • Morris, A. (2002). Mathematic reasoning: Adults' ability to make the inductive-deductive distinction. Cognition & Instruction, 20, 79-118.
  • Morris, M. W., & Nisbett, R. E. (1993). Tools of the trade: Deductive schemas taught in psychology and philosophy. In R. E. Nisbett (Ed.), Rules for reasoning (pp. 228-256). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Morse, L. W., & Morse, D. T. (1995). The influence of problem-solving strategies and previous training on performance of convergent and divergent thinking. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 22, 341-348.
  • Myers, J. L., & Well, A. D. (1995). Research design and statistical analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Mynatt, C. R., Doherty, M. E., & Dragan, W. (1993). Information relevance, working memory, and the consideration of alternatives. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 759-778.
  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). Overview and inventory of state education reforms: 1990-2000. Retrieved August 5, 2002, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2003/2003020.pdf
  • Newton, E. J., & Roberts, M. J. (2000). An experimental study of strategy development. Memory and Cognition, 28, 565-573.
  • Nickerson, R. S. (2003). Psychology and environmental change. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Noice, T., & Noice, H. (2002). Very long-term recall and recognition of well-learned material. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 16, 259-272.
  • Overton, W. F. (1990). Competence and procedures: Constraints on the development of deductive reasoning. In W. F. Overton (Ed.), Reasoning, necessity, and logic: Developmental perspectives (pp. 1-32). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Piaget, J. (1972). Intellectual evolution from adolescence to adulthood. Human Development, 15, 1-12.
  • Powers, D. E., & Dwyer, C. A. (2003). Toward specifying a construct of reasoning. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
  • Rips, L. J. (1994). The psychology of proof. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Roberts, M. J. (1993). Human reasoning: Deduction rules or mental models, or both? The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 569-589.
  • Roberts, M. J. (1997). On dichotomies and deductive reasoning research. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive/Current Psychology of Cognition, 16, 196-204.
  • Roberts, M. J. (2000a). Individual differences in reasoning strategies: A problem to solve or an opportunity to seize? In W. Schaeken, G. De Vooght, A. Vandierendonck, & G. d'Ydewalle (Eds.), Deductive reasoning strategies (pp. 23-48). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Roberts, M. J. (2000b). Strategies in relational inference. Thinking and Reasoning, 6, 1-26.
  • Roberts, M. J. (2004). Heuristics and reasoning I: Making deduction simple. In J. P. Leighton & R. J. Sternberg (Eds.), Nature of reasoning (pp. 234-272). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Roberts, M. J., & Newton, E. J. (in press). Strategy usage in a simple reasoning task: Overview and implications. In M. J. Roberts & E. J. Newton (Eds.), Methods of thought: Individual differences in reasoning strategies. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Schaeken, W., De Vooght, G., Vandierendonck, A., & d'Ydewalle, G. (Eds.). (2000). Deductive reasoning strategies. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Siegler, R. S. (1996). Emerging minds: The process of change in children's thinking. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Siegler, R. S., & Jenkins, E. A. (1989). How children discover new strategies. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69, 99-118.
  • Sperber, D., Cara, F., & Girotto, V. (1995). Relevance theory explains the selection task. Cognition, 57, 31-95.
  • Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Stenning, K., & Oberlander, J. (1995). A cognitive theory of graphical and linguistic reasoning: Logic and implementation. Cognitive Science, 19, 97-140.
  • Sternberg, R. J., & Ben-Zeev, T. (2001). Complex cognition: The psychology of human thought. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Toms, M., Morris, N., & Ward, D. (1993). Working memory and conditional reasoning. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 46A, 679-699.
  • Torrens, D., Thompson, V. A., & Cramer, K. M. (1998). Individual differences and the belief bias effect: Mental models, logical necessity, and abstract reasoning. Thinking and Reasoning, 5, 1-28.
  • Tulving, E., & Thompson, D. M. (1973). Encoding specificity and retrieval processes in episodic memory. Psychological Review, 80, 359-380.
  • Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1983). Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review, 90, 293-315.
  • Ward, S. L., & Overton, W. F. (1990). Semantic familiarity, relevance, and the development of deductive reasoning. Developmental Psychology, 26, 488-493.
  • Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12, 129-140.
  • Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology (pp. 135-151). Middlesex, England: Penguin.
  • Watkins, M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Episodic memory: When recognition fails. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 5-29.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.