384
Views
82
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Effects of Visual and Auditory Short-Term Memory Tasks on the Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Variability of Postural Sway

, , &
Pages 311-324 | Published online: 07 Aug 2010

References

  • Andersson, G., Hagman, J., Talianzadeh, R., Svedberg, A., & Larsen, H. C. (2002). Effect of cognitive load on postural control. Brain Research Bulletin, 58, 135-139.
  • Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Baddeley, A. (1990). Human memory: Theory and practice. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Maylor, E. A., & Wing, A. M. (1996). Age differences in postural stability are increased by additional cognitive demands. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 51B, 143-154.
  • McIlroy, W. E., Norrie, R. G., Brooke, J. D., Bishop, D. C., Nelson, A. J., & Maki, B. E. (1999). Temporal properties of attention sharing consequent to disturbed balance. NeuroReport, 10, 2895-2899.
  • Maki, B. E., Zecevic, A., Bateni, H., Kirshenbaum, N., & McIlroy, W. E. (2001). Cognitive demands of executing postural reactions: Does aging impede attention switching? NeuroReport, 12, 3583-3587.
  • Marsh, A. P., & Geel, S. E. (2000). The effect of age on the attentional demands of postural control. Gait and Posture, 12, 105-113.
  • Maylor, E. A., Allison, S., & Wing, A. M. (2001). Effects of spatial and nonspatial cognitive activity on postural stability. British Journal of Psychology, 92, P319-P338.
  • Dault, M. C., Geurts, A. C., Mulder, T. W., & Duysens, J. (2001). Postural control and cognitive task performance in healthy participants while balancing on different support-surface configurations. Gait and Posture, 14, 248-255.
  • Fitts, P. M., & Posner, M. I. (1967). Human performance. Belmont, CA: Brooks-Cole.
  • Hunter, M. C., & Hoffman, M. A. (2001). Postural control: Visual and cognitive manipulations. Gait and Posture, 13, 41-48.
  • Jeka, J. J. (1995). Is servo-theory the language of human postural control? Ecological Psychology, 7, 321-327.
  • Jensen, A. R. (1971). Individual differences in visual and auditory memory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 123-131.
  • Kerr, B., Condon, S. M., & McDonald, L. A. (1985). Cognitive spatial processing and the regulation of posture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 11, 617-622.
  • Lajoie, Y., Teasdale, N., Bard, C., & Fleury, M. (1996). Upright standing and gait: Are there changes in attentional requirements related to normal aging? Experimental Aging Research, 22, 185-198.
  • Latash, M. L. (1998). Neurophysiological basis of movement. Urbana, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Balasubramaniam, R., Riley, M. A., & Turvey, M. T. (2000). Specificity of postural sway to the demands of a precision task. Gait & Posture, 11, 12-24.
  • Balasubramaniam, R., & Turvey, M. T. (2001). The handedness of postural fluctuations. Human Movement Science, 19, 667-684.
  • Balasubramaniam, R., & Wing, A. M. (2002). The dynamics of standing balance. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 531-536.
  • Wulf, G., Mercer, J., McNevin, N., & Guadagnoli, M. A. (2004). Reciprocal influences of attentional focus on postural and suprapostural task performance. Journal of Motor Behavior, 36, 189-199.
  • Oullier, O., Bardy, B. G., Stoffregen, T. A., & Bootsma, R. J. (2002). Postural coordination in looking and tracking tasks. Human Movement Science, 21, 147-167.
  • Pashler, H. (1994). Dual-task interference in simple tasks: Data and theory. Psychological Bulletin, 116, 220-244.
  • Pellecchia, G. L. (2003). Postural sway increases with attentional demands of concurrent cognitive task. Gait & Posture, 18, 29-34.
  • Wickens, C. D. (1984). Processing resources in attention. In R. Parasuraman & D. R. Davies (Eds.), Varieties of attention (pp. 63-102). New York: Academic Press.
  • Woollacott, M., & Shumway-Cook, A. (2002). Attention and the control of posture and gait: A review of an emerging area of research. Gait and Posture, 16, 1-14.
  • Wulf, G., McNevin, N. H., & Shea, C. H. (2001). The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 54A, 1143-1154.
  • Webber, C. L., Jr., & Zbilut, J. P. (1996). Assessing deterministic structures in physiological systems using recurrence plot strategies. In M. C. K. Khoo (Ed.), Bioengineering approaches to pulmonary physiology and medicine (pp. 137-148). New York: Plenum Press.
  • Welford, A. T. (1980). The single channel hypothesis. In A. T. Welford (Ed.), Reaction times (pp. 215-252). London: Academic Press.
  • Wickens, C. D. (1980). The structure of attentional resources. In R. Nickerson (Ed.), Attention and performance VIII (pp. 239-257). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Bardy, B. G., Marin, L., Stoffregen, T. A., & Bootsma, R. J. (1999). Postural coordination modes considered as emergent phenomena. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 1284-1301
  • Bernstein, N. (1996). On dexterity and its development. In M. Latash & M. T. Turvey (Eds.), Dexterity and its development (pp. 2-244). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Dault, M. C., Frank, J. S., & Allard, F. (2001). Influence of a visuo-spatial, verbal and central executive working memory task on postural control. Gait and Posture, 14, 110-116.
  • Teasdale, N., Bard, C., LaRue, J., & Fleury, M. (1993). On the cognitive penetrability of posture control. Experimental Aging Research, 19, 1-13.
  • Teasdale, N., & Simoneau, M. (2001). Attentional demands for postural control: The effects of aging and sensory reintegration. Gait and Posture, 14, 203-210.
  • Webber, C. L., Jr., & Zbilut, J. P. (1994). Dynamical assessment of physiological systems and states using recurrence plot strategies. Journal of Applied Physiology, 76, 965-973.
  • Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977a). Controlled and automatic human information processing. I. Detection, search, and attention. Psychological Review, 84, 1-66.
  • Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977b). Controlled and automatic human information processing. II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
  • Shumway-Cook, A., & Horak, F. (1986). Assessing the influence of sensory interaction on balance. Physical Therapy, 66, 148-1550.
  • Riley, M. A., Stoffregen, T. A., Grocki, M. J., & Turvey, M. T. (1999). Postural stabilization for the control of touching. Human Movement Science, 18, 795-817.
  • Riley, M. A., & Turvey, M. T. (2002). Variability and determinism in motor behavior. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34, 99-125.
  • Schmit, J. M. (2003). Effects of vision and cognitive demand on postural stability in Parkinson's disease. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
  • Riley, M. A., Balasubramaniam, R., & Turvey, M. T. (1999). Recurrence quantification analysis of postural fluctuations. Gait & Posture, 9, 65-78.
  • Riley, M. A., & Clark, S. (2003). Recurrence analysis of human postural sway during the sensory organization test. Neuro-science Letters, 342, 45-48.
  • Riley, M. A., Mitra, S., Stoffregen, T. A., & Turvey, M. T. (1997). Influences of body lean and vision on unperturbed postural sway. Motor Control, 1, 229-246.
  • Riley, M. A. (2001). The temporal structure of spontaneous postural sway. In J. C. E. van der Burg, B. F. Fong, M. I. J. Hijl, R. Huys, M. Pijnappels, & A. A. Post (Eds.), Balance at all times (pp. 93-109). Utrecht, The Netherlands: Digital Printing Partners.
  • Riley, M. A., Baker, A. A., & Schmit, J. M. (2003). Inverse relation between postural variability and difficulty of a concurrent short-term memory task. Brain Research Bulletin, 62, 191-195.
  • Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • McNevin, N. H., Shea, C. H., & Wulf, G. (2003). Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research, 67, 22-29.
  • McNevin, N. H., & Wulf, G. (2002). Attentional focus on suprapostural tasks affects postural control. Human Movement Science, 21, 187-202.
  • Mitra, S. (2003). Postural costs of suprapostural task load. Human Movement Science, 22, 253-270.
  • Mitra, S. (2004). Adaptive utilization of optical variables during postural and suprapostural dual-task performance: A reply to Stoffregen, Smart, Bardy, & Pagulayan (1999). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 30, 28-38.
  • Mitra, S., & Fraizer, E. V. (2004). Effects of explicit sway-minimization on postural-suprapostural dual-task performance. Human Movement Science, 23, 1-20.
  • Mitra, S., Riley, M. A., Schmidt, R. C., & Turvey, M. T. (1998). Vision and the level of synergies. In L. H. Harris & M. Jenkin (Eds.), Vision and action (pp. 314-331). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Neumann, O. (1996). Theories of attention. In O. Neumann & A. F. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of perception and action, Vol. 3: Attention (pp. 389-446). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Newell, K. M., & Slifkin, A. B. (1998). The nature of movement variability. In J. Piek (Ed.), Motor behavior and human skill (pp. 143-160). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Norrie, R. G., Maki, B. E., Staines, W. R., & McIlroy, W. E. (2002). The time course of attention shifts following perturbation of upright stance. Experimental Brain Research, 146, 315-321.
  • Slifkin, A. B., & Newell, K. M. (1999). Information transmission, noise, and force variability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25, 837-851.
  • Stoffregen, T. A., Pagulayan, R. J., Bardy, B. G., & Hettinger, L. J. (2000). Modulating postural control to facilitate visual performance. Human Movement Science, 19, 203-220.
  • Stoffregen, T. A., Smart, L. J., Bardy, B. G., & Pagulayan, R. J. (1999). Postural stabilization of looking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 1641-1658.
  • Redfern, M. S., Jennings, J. R., Martin, C., & Furman, J. M. (2001). Attention influences sensory integration for postural control in older adults. Gait and Posture, 14, 211-216.
  • Riccio, G. E. (1993). Information in movement variability about the qualitative dynamics of posture and orientation. In K. M. Newell & D. Corcos (Eds.), Variability and motor control (pp. 317-357). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Riccio, G. E., & Stoffregen, T. A. (1988). Affordances as constraints on the control of stance. Human Movement Science, 7, 265-300.
  • Shumway-Cook, A., Woollacott, M., Kerns, K. A., & Baldwin, M. (1997). The effects of two types of cognitive tasks on postural stability in older adults with and without a history of falls. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 52A, M232-M240.
  • Simoneau, M., Teasdale, N., Bourdin, C., Bard, C., Fleury, M., & Nougier, V. (1999). Aging and postural control: Postural perturbations caused by changing the visual anchor. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 47, 235-240.
  • Turner, M., & Ridsdale, J. (1997). The digit memory test. Retrieved October 15, 2002, from
  • Vuillerme, N., Nougier, V., & Teasdale, N. (2000). Effects of a reaction time task on postural control in humans. Neuroscience Letters, 291, 77-80.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.