Too Much of a Good Thing: The Curvilinear Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Stress

References

• Bauer, T. N., & Green, S. G. (1996). The development of leader-member exchange: A longitudinal test. Academy of Management Journal, 39, 1538-1567.
   Google Scholar
• Beehr, T. A., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1990). Social support and occupational stress: Talking to supervisors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 36, 61-81.
   Google Scholar
• Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Cammann, C., Fichman, M., Jenkins, D., & Klesh, J. (1979). The Michigan Organizational Assessment Questionnaire. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
   Google Scholar
• Champoux, J. E., & Peters, W. S. (1987). Form, effect size, and power in moderated regression analysis. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 243-255.
   Google Scholar
• Chaplin, W. F. (1991). The next generation of moderator research in personality psychology. Journal of Personality, 59, 143-178.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 310-357.
   Google Scholar
• Cook, J. D., Hepworth, S. J., Wall, T. D., & Warr, P. B. (1981). The experience of work. New York: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cropanzano, R., Howes, J., Grandey, A., & Toth, P. (1997). The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 18, 159-180.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, M. S. (1971). That's interesting Towards a phenomenology of sociology and a sociology of phenomenology. Philosophical Social Science, 1, 309-344.
   Google Scholar
• DeFrank, R. S., & Ivancevich, J. M. (1998). Stress on the job: An executive update. Academy of Management Executive, 12, 55-66.
   Google Scholar
• Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11, 618-634.
   Google Scholar
• Duchon, D., Green, S. G., & Taber, T. D. (1986). Vertical dyad linkage: A longitudinal assessment of antecedents, measures, and consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 56-60.
   Google Scholar
• Edwards, J. R. (1992). A cybernetic theory of stress, coping, and well-being in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 17, 238-274.
   Google Scholar
• Ganster, D. C., Fusilier, M. R., & Mayes, B. T. (1986). Role of social support in the experience of stress at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 102-110.
   Google Scholar
• Ganster, D. C., & Schaubroeck, J. (1991). Work stress and employee health. Journal of Management, 17, 235-271.
   Google Scholar
• Ganzach, Y. (1998). Nonlinearity, multicollinearity and the probability of type II error in detecting interaction. Journal of Management, 24, 615-622.
   Google Scholar
• Gerstner, C. R., & Day, D. V. (1997). Meta-analytic review of leader-member exchange theory: Correlates and construct issues. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 827-844.
   Google Scholar
• Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178.
   Google Scholar
• Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. A. (1987). Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. In L. L. Cummings & B. M. Staw (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 9, pp. 175-208). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-level multi-domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 6, 219-247.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, K. J., Kacmar, K. M., & Witt, L. A. (2005). An examination of the curvilinear relationship between leader-member exchange and intent to turnover. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 363-378.
   Google Scholar
• Hofmann, D. A., Morgeson, F. P., & Gerras, S. J. (2003). Climate as a moderator of the relationship between leader-member exchange and context specific citizenship: Safety climate as an exemplar. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 170-178.
   Google Scholar
• Homans, G. C. (1958). Social behavior as exchange. American Journal of Sociology, 63, 597-606.
   Google Scholar
• House, R. J., & Rizzo, J. R. (1972). Role conflict and ambiguity as critical variables in a model of organizational behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 7, 467-505.
   Google Scholar
• Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging theoretical and methodological issues in the study of work-related stress. In G. R. Ferris and K. M. Rowland (Eds.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 9, pp. 311-365). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Lagace, R. R., Castleberry, S. B., & Ridnour, R. E. (1993). An exploratory sales force study of the relationship between leader-member exchange and motivation, role stress, and manager evaluation. Journal of Applied Business Research, 9, 110-119.
   Google Scholar
• Liden, R. C., & Graen, G. (1980). Generalizability of the vertical dyad linkage model of leadership. Academy of Management Journal, 23, 451-465.
   Google Scholar
• Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24, 43-72.
   Google Scholar
• Liden, R. C., Sparrowe, R. T., & Wayne, S. J. (1997). Leader-member exchange theory: The past and potential for the future. In. G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resource management (Vol. 15, pp. 47-120). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., & Stilwell, D. (1993). A longitudinal study on the early development of leader member exchanges. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 662-674.
   Google Scholar
• Lykken, D. T. (1984). Statistical significance in psychological research. In T. S. Bateman & G. R. Ferris (Eds.), Method and analysis in organizational research (pp. 54-64). Reston, VA: Reston Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• MacCallum, R., & Mar, C. (1995). Distinguishing between moderator and quadratic effects in multiple regression. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 405-421.
   Google Scholar
• Maslyn, J. M., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2001). Leader-member exchange and its dimensions: Effects of self-effort and other's effort on relationship quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 697-708.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, R. H., & Perreault, W. D. (1976). Organizational role conflict: Its antecedents and consequences. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 17, 19-44.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, D., Basu, R., & Purdie, R. (1998). An examination of exchange quality and work stressor in leader-follower dyads. International Journal of Stress Management, 5, 103-112.
   Google Scholar
• Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• O'Driscoll, M. P., & Beehr, T. A. (1994). Supervisor behaviors, role stressors, and uncertainty as predictors of personal outcomes for subordinates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 141-155.
   Google Scholar
• Paglis, L. L., & Green, S. G. (2002). Both sides now: Supervisor and subordinate perspectives on relationship quality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 250-276.
   Google Scholar
• Parasuraman, S., & Alutto, J. A. (1984). Sources and outcomes of stress in organizational settings: Toward a structural model. Academy of Management Journal, 27, 330-350.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, D. F., & DeCotiis, T. A. (1983). Organizational determinants of job stress. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 32, 160-177.
   Google Scholar
• Peiro, J. M., Gonzalez-Roma, V., Ramos, J., & Zornoza, A. (1996). Relationships between leadership and professionals' job attitudes and perceptions: Comparison of two leadership models. Work and Stress, 10, 195-208.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.
   Google Scholar
• Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
   Google Scholar
• Pretty, G. M., McCarthy, M. E., & Catano, V. M. (1992). Psychological environments and burnout: Gender considerations within the corporation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 701-711.
   Google Scholar
• Rupp, D. E., & Cropanzano, R. (2002). The mediating effects of social exchange relationships in predicting workplace outcomes from multifoci organizational justice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 925-946.
   Google Scholar
• Scandura, T., Graen, G., & Novak, M. A. (1986). When managers decide not to decide autocratically: An investigation of leader-member exchange and decision influence. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71, 579-584.
   Google Scholar
• Schriesheim, C. A., Castro, S. L., & Cogliser, C. C. (1999). Leader-member exchange (LMX) research: A comprehensive review of theory, measurement, and data-analytic practices. Leadership Quarterly, 10, 63-113.
   Google Scholar
• Seers, A. (1989). Team-member exchange quality: A new construct for role-making research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 118-135.
   Google Scholar
• Snyder, R. A., & Bruning, N. S. (1985). Quality of vertical dyad linkages: Congruence of supervisor and subordinate competence and role stress as explanatory variables. Group and Organization Studies, 10, 81-94.
   Google Scholar
• Sparrowe, R. T., & Liden, R. C., (1997). Process and structure in leader-member exchange. Academy of Management Review, 22, 522-553.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner, J. F., & Castleberry, S. B. (1990). Vertical exchange quality and performance: Studying the role of the sales manager. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 10, 17-27.
   Google Scholar
• Tanner, J. F., Dunn, M. G., & Chonko, L. B. (1993). Vertical exchange and salesperson stress. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, 13, 27-36.
   Google Scholar
• Uhl-Bien, M., Graen, G. B., & Scandura, T. (2000). Implications of leader-member exchange (LMX) for strategic human resource management systems: Relationships as social capital for competitive advantage. In G. R. Ferris (Ed.), Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 18, pp. 137-185). Oxford, England: JAI Press/Elsevier Science.
   Google Scholar
• Van Dyne, L., Jehn, K. A., & Cummings, A. (2002). Differential effects of strain on two forms of work performance: Individual employee sales and creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 57-74.
   Google Scholar
• Viswesvaran, C., Sanchez, J. I., & Fisher, J. (1999). The role of social support in the process of work stress: A meta-analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 54, 314-334.
   Google Scholar
• Wayne, S. J., & Green, S. A. (1993). The effects of leader-member exchange on employee citizenship and impression management behavior. Human Relations, 46, 1431-1440.
   Google Scholar
• Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., Bommer, W. H., & Tetrick, L. E. (2002). The role of fair treatment and rewards in perceptions of organizational support and leader-member exchange. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 590-598.
   Google Scholar
• Wayne, S. J., Shore, L. M., & Liden, R. C. (1997). Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 82-111.
   Google Scholar