The Long Term Ophthalmic Morbidity of Low Birth Weight Children: A Review

References

• Terry TL: Extreme prematurity and fibroplastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystalline lens. Am J Ophthalmol 1942; 25: 203–4.
   Google Scholar
• Hittner HM, Rhodes LM, McPherson AR: Anterior segment abnormalities in cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity. Annual Meeting American Academy of Ophthalmology 1979;803–18.
   Google Scholar
• Silverman WA, Flynn JT: Retinopathy of Prematurity. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications 1985, 303 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson DL, Sheps SB, Uh SH, Schechter MT, McCormick AQ: ROP-induced blindness birth weight specific survival and the new epidemic. Pediatrics 1990; 86: 405–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valentine PH, Jackson C, Kalina RE, Woodrum DE: Increased survival of low birthweight infants: Impact on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics 1989; 84: 442–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holmstrom G, el Azzazi M, Kugelberg U: Ophthalmological follow up of preterm infants: A population based, prospective study of visual acuity and strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol 1999; 83: 143–50.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGinnity FG, Bryars JH: Controlled study of ocular morbidity in school children born preterm. Br J Ophthalmol 1992; 76: 520–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darlow BA, Clemett RS, Horwood J, Mogridge N: Prospective study of New Zealand infants with birth weight less than 1500 g and screened for ROP: Visual outcome at age 7–8 years. Br J Ophthalmol 1997; 81: 935–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallo JE, Lennerstrand G: A population based study of ocular abnormalities in premature children aged 5 to 10 years. Am J Ophthalmol 1991; 111: 539–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebbandi SB, Bowen JR, Hipwell GC, Ma PJ, Leslie GI, Arnold JD: Ocular sequelae in extremely premature infants at 5 years of age. J Paediatrics Child Health 1997; 33: 339–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dowdeswell HJ, Slater AM, Broomhall J, Tripp J: Visual deficits in children born at less than 32 weeks' gestation with and without ocular pathology and cerebral damage. Br J Ophthalmol 1995; 79: 447–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Powls A, Botting N, Cooke RWI, Stephenson G, Marlow N: Visual impairment in very low birthweight children. Arch Dis Child 1997; 76: 82–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sebris SL, Dobson V, Hartmann EE: Assessment and prediction of visual acuity in 3- to 4-year-old children born prior to term. Human Neurobiology 1984; 3: 87–92.
   Google Scholar
• Fledelius HC: Ophthalmic changes from age of 10 to 18 years. A longitudinal study of sequels to low birth weight. II. Visual acuity. Acta Ophthalmologica (Copenh) 1981; 59: 64–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isenberg SJ: Macular development in the premature infant. Am Ophthalmol 1986; 101: 74–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramov I, Hainline L, Lemerise E, Brown AK: Changes in visual function of children exposed as infants to prolonged illumination. J Am Optom Assn 1985; 56: 614–9.
   Google Scholar
• Harvey EM, Dobson V, Luna B, Scher MS: Grating acuity and visual-field development in children with intraventricular haemorrhage. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997; 39: 305–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pike MG, Holmstrom G, de Vries LS, Pennock JM, Drew KJ, et al: Patterns of visual impairment associated with lesions of the preterm brain. Dev Med Child Neurol 1994; 36: 849–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luck J, Voller J: Visual outcome after seven years in infants of very low birthweight. In Tillson (ed) Transactions VIIth Verlag, 1991; pp. 16–20.
   Google Scholar
• Snir M, Nissenkorn I, Sherf I, Cohen S: Visual acuity, strabismus, and amblyopia in premature babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Ann Ophthalmol 1988; 20: 256–8.
   Google Scholar
• Birch EE, Spencer R: Visual outcome in infants with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1991; 32: 410–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds JD: Anisometropic amblyopia in severe posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Binoc Vis Qtrly 1990; 5: 153–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dobson V, Quinn GE, Abramov I, Hardy RJ, Tung B, et al: Color vision measured with pseudoisochromatic plates at five-and-a-half years in eyes of children from the CRYO-ROP study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996; 37: 2467–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luna B, Dobson V, Carpenter NA, Biglan AW: Visual field development in infants with stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989; 30: 580–2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quinn GE, Dobson V, Hardy RJ, Tung B, Phelps DL, Palmer EA: Visual fields measured with double-arc perimetry in eyes with threshold retinopathy of prematurity from the cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity trial. Ophthalmology 1996; 103: 1432–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luna B, Dobson V, Scher MS, Guthrie RD: Grating acuity and visual field development in infants following perinatal asphyxia. Dev Med Child Neurol 1995; 37: 330–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremer DL, Palmer EA, Fellows RR, Baker JD, Hardy RJ, et al: Strabismus in premature infants in the first year of life. Arch Ophthalmol 1998; 116: 329–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Page JM, Schneeweiss S, Wyte HEA, Harvey P: Ocular sequelae in premature infants. Pediatrics 1993; 92: 787–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chew E, Remaley NA, Tamboli A, Zhao J, Podgor MJ, Klebanoff M: Risk factors for esotropia and exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1994; 112: 1349–54.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennefather PM, Clarke MP, Strong NP, Cottrell DG, Dutton J, Tin W: Risk factors for strabismus in children born before 32 weeks' gestation. Br J Ophthalmol 1999; 83: 514–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laws D, Shaw DE, Robinson J, Jones HS, Ng YK, Fielder AR: Retinopathy of prematurity: A prospective study. Review at six months. Eye 1992; 6: 477–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fledelius HC: Pre-term delivery and subsequent ocular development. 2) Binocular function. Acta Ophthalmologica Scand 1996; 74: 294–6.
   Google Scholar
• Kushner BJ: Strabismus and amblyopia associated with regressed ROP. Arch Ophthalmol 1982; 100: 256–61.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson R, O'Keefe M: Follow-up study on premature infants with and without ROP. Br J Ophthalmol 1993; 77: 91–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson NA, Fielder AR, Trounce JQ, Levene MI: Ophthalmic findings in infants of very low birthweight. Dev Med Child Neurol 1990; 32: 7–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuppurainen K, et al: Ocular findings in prematurely born children at 5 years of age. Graefe's Archive Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1993; 231: 261–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds J, Dobson V, Quinn GE, Gilbert WS, Tung B, et al: Prediction of visual function in eyes with mild to moderate posterior pole residua of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 1050–6.
   Google Scholar
• Foster RS, Metz HS, Jampolsky A: Strabismus and pseudostrabismus with retrolental fibroplasia. Am J Ophthalmol 1975; 79: 985–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fledelius HC: Central nervous system damage and retinopathy of prematurity—an ophthalmic follow-up of prematures born in 1982–84. Acta Paediatrica 1996; 85: 1186–91.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fledelius HC: Myopia of prematurity—definition and clinical course. Presented at International Conference on Retinopathy of Prematurity, Chicago, USA, 1993.
   Google Scholar
• Fledelius HC: Pre-term delivery and subsequent ocular development. 3. Refraction. Myopia of prematurity. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 1996; 74: 297–300.
   Google Scholar
• Gallo JE, Fagerholm P: Low-grade myopia in children with regressed ROP. Acta Ophthalmologica 1993; 71: 519–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon RA, Donzis PB: Myopia associated with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology 1986; 93: 1593–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nissenkorn I, Yassur Y, Mashkowski D, Sherf I, Ben-Sira I: Myopia in premature babies with and without ROP. Br J Ophthalmol 1983; 67: 170–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar