References
- Pratt-Johnson J, Lunn C: Early case rinding and the hereditary factor in strabismus. Can J Ophthalmol 1967; 2: 50–53.
- Worth C: Squint: Its Causes, Pathology and Treatment. 5 ed. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cox; 1923.
- Paul TO, Hardage LK: The heritability of strabismus. Ophthalmic Genet 1994; 15: 1–18.
- Engle E: The genetics of strabismus: Duane, Mobius and fibrosis syndromes. In: Traboulsi E (ed). Genetic Diseases of the Eye. New York: Oxford University Press; 1998: 477–512.
- Schlossman A, Priestley B: Role of heredity in etiology and treatment of strabismus. Arch Ophthalmol 1952; 47: 1–20.
- Engle EC, Kunkel LM, Specht LA, Beggs AH: Mapping a gene for congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles to the centromeric region of chromosome 12. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 69–73.
- Wang SM, Zwaan J, Mullaney PB et al: Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 2, an inherited exotropic strabismus fixus, maps to distal 11q13. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63: 517–525.
- Doherty E, Macy M, et al: CFEOM3: A new extraocular congenital fibrosis syndrome that maps to 16q24.2-q24.3. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40: 1687–1694.
- Traboulsi EI, Lee BA, Mousawi A, Khamis AR, Engle EC: Evidence of genetic heterogeneity in autosomal recessive congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 129: 658–662.
- Appukuttan B, Gillanders E, Juo SH et al: Localization of a gene for Duane retraction syndrome to chromosome 2q31. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65: 1639–1646.
- Maumenee IH, Alston A, Mets MB, Flynn JT, Mitchell TN, Beaty TH: Inheritance of congenital esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1986; 84: 85–93.
- Aurell E, Norrsell K: A longitudinal study of children with a family history of strabismus: Factors determining the incidence of strabismus. Br J Ophthalmol 1990; 74: 589–594.
- Podgor MJ, Remaley NA, Chew E: Associations between siblings for esotropia and exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1996; 114: 739–744.
- Abrahamsson M, Fabian G, Sjostrand J: Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999; 77: 653–657.
- Seeley M, Paul TO, Crowe S, Dahms G, Lichterman S, Traboulsi EI: Comparison of clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic acquired accommodative esotropia. JAAPOS 2001; 5: 18–20.
- Cantolino S, von Noorden G: Heredity in microtropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1969; 81: 753–757.
- Scott M, Noble A, Raymond W, Parks M: Prevalence of primary monofixation syndrome in parents of children with congenital esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1994; 31: 298–301.
- Chimonidou E, Palimeris G, Koliopoulas V: Family distribution of concomitant squint in Greece. Br J Ophthalmol 1977; 61: 27–29.
- Mohney B, Erie J, Hodge D, Jacobsen S: Congenital esotropia in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ophthalmology 1998; 105: 846–850.
- Massin M, Drouard E: Contribution a l'étude des strabismes concomitants familiaux. Ann Ocul 1965; 198: 323–334.
- Dobson V, Sebris S: Longitudinal study of acuity and stereopsis in infants with or at-risk for esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1989; 30: 1146–1158.
- Hofstetter H: Accommodative convergence in identical twins. Am J Optom 1948; 25: 480–491.
- Mash AJ, Hegmann JP, Spivey BE: Genetic analysis of vergence measures in populations with varying incidences of strabismus. Am J Ophthalmol 1975; 79: 978–984.
- Mash A, Spivey B: Genetic aspects of strabismus. Doc Ophthalmol 1973; 34: 285–291.
- Hegmann JP, Mash AJ, Spivey BE: Genetic analysis of human visual parameters in populations with varying incidences of strabismus. Am J Hum Genet 1974; 26: 549–562.
- Brown HW: Congenital structural muscle anomalies. In: Allen JH, (ed) Strabismus Ophthalmic Symposium. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby; 1950; p 229.
- Sener EC, Lee BA, Turgut B, Akarsu AN, Engle EC: A clinically variant fibrosis syndrome in a Turkish family maps to the CFEOM1 locus on chromosome 12. Arch Ophthalmol 2000; 118: 1090–1097.
- Traboulsi EI, Jaafar MS, Kattan HM, Parks MM: Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles: Report of 24 cases illustrating the clinical spectrum and surgical management. Am Orthopt J 1993; 43: 45–53.
- Engle EC, Goumnerov BC, McKeown CA et al: Oculomotor nerve and muscle abnormalities in congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. Ann Neurol 1997; 41: 314–325.
- Chung M, Stout JT, Borchert MS: Clinical diversity of hereditary Duane's retraction syndrome. Ophthalmology 2000; 107: 500–503.