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The John Pratt-Johnson Annual Lecture

The “Worth” of the Worth Four Dot Test

, D.B.O.T., C.O., C.O.M.T.
Pages 112-119 | Published online: 22 Dec 2017

References

  • Worth CA. Squint: Its Causes, Pathology, and Treatment. London: Balliere, Tindall and Cox; 1903.
  • Frank JW, France TD, Harrington J: The Worth four dot test: Is it really “worthless?” Am Orthopt J 1981; 31: 68–71.
  • Arthur BW, Keech RV: The polarized three-dot test. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987; 24: 305–308.
  • Arthur BW, Marshall A: The polarized four-dot test. In: Transactions of the VIIth International Orthoptic Congress, ed. Tillson G. Nuremberg: Fahner Verlag; 1991. p. 400.
  • Arthur BW, Marshall A, McGillivray D: Worth vs. polarized four-dot test. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30: 53–55. von Noorden GK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1966; pp. 213–214, 265.
  • Jampolsky A: Some anomalies of binocular vision. In: Transactions of the First International Congress of Orthoptists, London: Henry Kimpton; 1968. pp. 1–31.
  • Hardy LH: A modification of the four dot test. Trans Amer Acad Ophthalmol and Otolaryngol 1937; 43: 491–492.
  • Berens C: Modification of the Worth four-dot test. Am J Ophthalmol 1940; 23: 561–562.
  • Berens C: A test for binocular vision; particularly applicable to the examination of amblyopic children, (modified Worth test). Am J Ophthalmol 1940; 23: 687–688.
  • Muenzler WS: Miniature four dot test. Am J Ophthalmol 1968; 65: 928–929.
  • Raab EL: Useful extensions of common strabismus tests: The combined Worth 4 dot-flashlight. Am Orthopt J 1972; 22: 47–53.
  • Nuzzi G: Binocular polaroid test. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1986; 23: 31–33.
  • Roper-Hall G: Diagnosis and management of central motor deficits following trauma. Am Orthopt J 2004; 54: 112–119.

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