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The John Pratt-Johnson Annual Lecture

Unmasking Bilateral Inferior Rectus Restriction in Thyroid Eye Disease: Using Degree of Cyclotropia

, C.O., C.O.M.T. & , M.D.
Pages 81-86 | Published online: 22 Dec 2017

References

  • Stan MD, Garrity JA, Bahn RS: The evaluation and treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Med Clin North Am 2012; 96: 311–328.
  • Dyer JA: Ocular muscle surgery. In: Gorman CA, Walter RR, Dyer JA, eds. The Eye and Orbit in Thyroid Diseases. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1984, p. 253.
  • Caygill WM: Excyclotropia in dysthyroid ophthalmology. Am J Ophthalmol 1972; 73: 437–441.
  • Thacker NM, Velez FG, Demer JL, Rosenbaum AL: Superior oblique muscle involvement in thyroid ophthalmology. J AAPOS 2005; 9: 174–178.
  • Holmes JM, Hatt SR, Bradley EA: Identifying masked superior oblique involvement in thyroid eye disease to avoid postoperative A-pattern exotropia and intorsion. J AAPOS 2012; 16: 280–285.
  • Jellema HM, Saeed P, Everhard-Halm Y, Prick L, Mourits M: Bilateral inferior rectus muscle recession in patients with Graves' orbitopathy: Is it effective? Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 28: 268–272.

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