Effect of painless diabetic neuropathy on pressure pain hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia) after acute foot trauma

References

• Bleakley CM, McDonough SM, MacAuley DC. Cryotherapy of acute ankle sprains: a randomised controlled study of two different icing protocols. Br J Sports Med. 2006; 40: 700–5.
   Google Scholar
• Truyols-Dominguez S, Salom-Moreno J, Abian-Vicen J, Cleland JA, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C. Efficacy of thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise with or without the addition of myofascial therapy for the management of acute inversion ankle sprain: a randomized clinical trial. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2013; 43: 300–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez V, Fletcher D, Bouhassira D, Sessler DI, Chauvin M. The evolution of primary hyperalgesia in orthopedic surgery: quantitative sensory testing and clinical evaluation before and after total knee arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2007; 105: 815–21.
   Google Scholar
• Fißmer I, Klein T, Magerl W, Treede RD, Zahn PK, Pogatzki-Zahn EM. Modality-specific somatosensory changes in a human surrogate model of postoperative pain. Anesthesiology. 2011; 115: 387–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neugebauer V, Han JS, Adwanikar H, Fu Y, Ji G. Techniques for assessing knee joint pain in arthritis. Mol Pain. 2007; 3: 8.
   Google Scholar
• Schaible HG, Richter F. Pathophysiology of pain. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2004; 389: 237–43.
   Google Scholar
• Schaible HG, Ebersberger A, Natura G. Update on peripheral mechanisms of pain: beyond prostaglandins and cytokines. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011; 3: 210.
   Google Scholar
• Xu J, Brennan TJ. The pathophysiology of acute pain: animal models. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2011; 24: 508–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ringkamp M, Meyer RA, Bushnell MC, Basbaum AI. Physiology of nociceptors. Pain. Vol. 5. The senses: a comprehensive reference . 2008; Oxford: Elsevier. 90–114.
   Google Scholar
• Wienemann T, Chantelau E, Richter A. Pressure pain perception at the injured foot: the impact of diabetic neuropathy. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2012; 12: 254–61. (Erratum: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13: 264).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerkhoffs GMM, Struijs PAA, de Witt C, Rohlfs VW, Zwipp H, van Dijk CN. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study on the efficacy and safety of treating acute lateral ankle sprain with oral hydrolytic enzymes. Br J Sports Med. 2004; 38: 431–5. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Nussbaum EL, Downes L. Reliability of clinical pressure-pain algometric measurements obtained on consecutive days. Phys Ther. 1998; 78: 160–9. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Boyce SH, Quigley MA, Campbell S. Management of ankle sprains: a randomised controlled trial of the treatment of inversion injuries using an elastic support bandage or an Aircast ankle brace. Br J Sports Med. 2005; 39: 91–6.
   Google Scholar
• Polzer H, Kanz KG, Prall WC, Haasters F, Ockert B, Mutschler W, etal. Diagnosis and treatment of acute ankle injuries: development of an evidence-based algorithm. Orthop Rev. 2012; 4: 5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rammelt S, Schneiders W, Grass R, Zwipp H. Ligamentous injuries to the ankle joint (Article in German). Z Orthop Unfall. 2011; 149: 45–e67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rammelt S, Heim D, Hofbauer LC, Grass R, Zwipp H. Problems and controversies in the treatment of ankle fractures (Article in German). Unfallchirurg. 2011; 114: 847–60.
   Google Scholar
• Koller A, Hafkemeyer U, Fiedler R, Wetz HH. Reconstructive foot surgery in cases of diabetic-neuropathic osteoarthropathy. [Article in German]. Orthopade. 2004; 33: 983–91. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Wienemann T, Chantelau EA. The diagnostic value of measuring pressure pain perception in patients with diabetes mellitus. Swiss Med Wkly. 2012; 142: 13682. (Erratum: Swiss Med Wkly 2013; 143: w13798).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolke R, Magerl W, Andrews Campbell K, Schalber C, Caspari S, Birklein F, etal. Quantitative sensory testing: a comprehensive protocol for clinical trials. Eur J Pain. 2006; 10: 77–88.
   Google Scholar
• Rolke R, Baron R, Maier C, Tölle TR, Treede RD, Beyer A, etal. Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values. Pain. 2006; 123: 231–43.
   Google Scholar
• Geber C, Klein T, Azad S, Birklein F, Gierthmühlen J, Huge V, etal. Test-retest and interobserver reliability of quantitative sensory testing according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): a multi-centre study. Pain. 2011; 152: 548–56.
   Google Scholar
• Chantelau E, Wienemann T, Richter A. Pressure pain thresholds in the diabetic Charcot- foot: an exploratory study. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact. 2012; 12: 95–101. (Erratum: J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2013; 13: 263).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polianskis R, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Computer-controlled pneumatic pressure algometry- a new technique for quantitative sensory testing. Eur J Pain. 2001; 5: 267–77. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Melia M, Schmidt M, Geissler B, König J, Krahn U, Ottersbach HJ, etal. Measuring mechanical pain: the refinement and standardization of pressure pain threshold measurements. Behav Res Methods. 2014 doi: 10.3758/s13428-014-0453-3. [Epub ahead of print].
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali Z, Carroll M, Robertson KP, Fowler CJ. The extent of small fibre sensory neuropathy in diabetics with plantar foot ulceration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1989; 52: 94–8. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Pittenger GL, Ray M, Burcus L, McNulty P, Basta B, Vinik AI. Intraepidermal nerve fibers are indicators of small-fiber neuropathy in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27: 1974–9. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Polianskis R, Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Pressure-pain function in desensitized and hypersensitized muscle and skin assessed by cuff-algometry. J Pain. 2002; 3: 28–37. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Werner MU, Lassen B, Pedersen JL, Kehlet H. Local cooling does not prevent hyperalgesia following burn injury in humans. Pain. 2002; 58: 297–303.
   Google Scholar
• Skyba DA, Radhakrishnan R, Sluka KA. Characterisation of a method for measuring primary hyperalgesia of deep somatic tissue. J Pain. 2005; 6: 41–7. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Mense S. Muscle pain: mechanisms and clinical significance. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2008; 105: 214–19. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Xiong S, Goonetilleke RS, Jiang Z. Pressure thresholds of the human foot: measurement reliability and effects of stimulus characteristics. Ergonomics. 2011; 54: 282–93. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Mense S. Mense S, Gerwin RD. Functional anatomy of muscle: muscle, nociceptors and afferent fibers. Muscle pain: understanding the mechanisms. 2010; Berlin: Springer-Verlag. 17–48.
   Google Scholar
• Algafly AA, George KP. The effect of cryotherapy on nerve conduction velocity, pain threshold and pain tolerance. Br J Sports Med. 2007; 41: 365–9. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Chantelau EA, Wienemann T. Pressure pain perception in the diabetic Charcot foot: facts and hypotheses. Diabet Foot Ankle. 2013; 4 20981, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/dfa.v4i0.20981.
   Google Scholar
• Lautenbacher S. Experimental approaches in the study of pain in the elderly. Pain Med. 2012; 13: S44–S50. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Jones DH, Kilgour RD, Comtois AS. Test-retest reliability of pressure pain threshold measurements of the upper limb and torso in young healthy women. J Pain. 2007; 8: 650–6. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Werner MU, Petersen MA, Bischoff JM. Test-retest studies in quantitative sensory testing: a critical review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2013; 57: 957–63. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Xu J, Brennan TJ. Guarding pain and spontaneous activity of nociceptors after skin versus skin plus deep tissue incision. Anesthesiology. 2010; 112: 153–64. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Cobos EJ, Ghasemlou N, Araldi D, Segal D, Duong K, Woolf CJ. Inflammation-induced decrease in voluntary wheel running in mice: a nonreflexive test for evaluating inflammatory pain and analgesia. Pain. 2012; 153: 876–84. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar