The landscape of international event-based biosurveillance

References

• Oldstone MBA. Viruses, Plagues, and History. Oxford University Press: New York, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Microbial Threats to Health: Emergence, Detection and Response. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Mathers C, Boerma T, Ma Fat D. Global Burden of Disease 2004 Update. World Health Organization Press: Geneva. Switzer-land, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Calain P. Exploring the international arena of global public health surveillance. Health Policy Plan. 2007; 22: 2–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King NB. Security, disease, commerce: ideologies of postcolonial global health. Soc Stud Sci. 2002; 32: 763–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodier G, Greenspan AL, Hughes JM, Heymann DL. Global public health security. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007; 13: 1447–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker MG, Forsyth AM. The new International Health Regulations: a revolutionary change in global health security. N Z Med f. 2007; 120: U2872.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson K, McDougall C, Forster A. The responsibility of healthcare institutions to protect global health security. Healthc Q. 2008; 12: 56–60.
   Google Scholar
• Amato-Gauci A, Ammon A. The surveillance of communicable diseases in the European Union—a long-term strategy (2008-2013). Euro Surveill 2008;13. pii: 18912.
   Google Scholar
• Walters R, Harlan P, Nelson N, Hartley D. Data sources for biosurveillance. In: Voeller J (ed). Wiley Handbook of Science and Technology for Homeland Security. John Wiley: New York. forthcoming, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Institute of Medicine. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges. Workshop Summary. National Academy Press: Washington, DC, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Wilson K, Brownstein JS. Early detection of disease outbreaks using the Internet. CMAJ. 2009; 180: 829–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Global Health Security Initiative. GHSI background [Internet]. [place unknown]: overview: Global Health Security Initiative (GHSI) [cited. 4 July 20091. Available from: [http://www.ghsi.ca/ english/background.asp].
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. GHSAG Working Group on risk manage-ment and communication, Meeting on Early warning for CBRN threats, Luxembourg-26 to 28 February 2008, short summary of the meeting. [Location unknown]: European Commission, Health & Consumer Protection Directorate-General, Directorate C—Public Health and Risk Assessment, C3—Health Threats. [cited 4 July 20091. Available from: [ http://www.episouth.org/ doc/r_documents/GHSAG_short_report_for_PHEA_web.pdf ].
   Google Scholar
• Reilly AR, Iarocci EA, Jung CM, Hartley DM, Nelson NP. Indications and warning of pandemic influenza compared to seasonal influenza. Advances in Disease Surveillance. 2008; 5: 190.
   Google Scholar
• Collier N, Doan S, Kawazeo A, Goodwin R, Conway M, Tateno Y, et al. BioCaster: detecting public health rumors with a web-based text mining system. Bioinformatics, 2008. DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btn534.
   Google Scholar
• Collier N, Kawazoe A, Jin L, Shigematsu M, Dien D, Barrero R, et al.. A multilingual ontology for infectious disease outbreak surveillance: rationale, design and challenges. J Lang Resources Eva!. 2007; 40: 405–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doan S, Hung-Ngo Q, Kawazoe A, Collier N. Global Health Monitor—A Web-based System for Detecting and Mapping Infectious Diseases. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (IJCNLP). Companion Volume. 2008; 951–6.
   Google Scholar
• Mykhalovskiy E, Weir L. The Global Public Health Intelligence Network and early warning outbreak detection: a Canadian contribution to global public health. Can J Public Health. 2006; 97: 42–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freifeld CC, Mandl KD, Reis BY, Brownstein JS. HealthMap: global infectious disease monitoring through automated classification and visualization of Internet media reports. I Am Med Inform Assoc. 2008; 15: 150–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Reis BY, Mandl KD. Surveillance Sans Frontières: Internet-based emerging infectious disease intelli-gence and the HealthMap project. PLoS Med. 2008; 5: e151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinberger R, Flavio F, van der Goot E, Best C, von Etter P, Yangarber R. Text mining from the web for medical intelligence. In: Françoise Fogelman-Soulie, Domenico Perrotta, Jakub Pis-korski, Ralf Steinberger (eds). Mining Massive Data Sets for Security. IOS Press: Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Best C, van der Goot E, Blackler K, Garcia T, Hornby D. Europe Media Monitor—system description. EUR, Technical Report 22173 EN, European Commission, December 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Linge JP, Steinberger R, Weber TP, Yangarber R, van der Goot E, Al Khudhairy DH, et al.. Internet surveillance systems for early alerting of health threats. Euro Surveill. 2009;14.
   Google Scholar
• Cowen P, Garland T, Hugh-Jones ME, Shimshony A, Handysides S, Kaye D, et al.. Evaluation of ProMED-mail as an electronic early warning system for emerging animal diseases: 1996-2004. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006; 229: 1090–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madoff LC. ProMED-mail: an early warning system for emerging diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39: 227–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grishman R, Huttunen S, Yangarber R. Information extraction for enhanced access to disease outbreak reports. I Biomed Inform. 2002; 35: 236–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brownstein JS, Freifeld CC, Reis BY, Mandl KD. HealthMap: Internet-based emerging infectious disease intelligence. In: Institute of Medicine, editor Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the challenges—finding solutions Available. 2007, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php? record_id = 11996 &page = 122. Accessed 6 June 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Buehler JW, Hopkins RS, Overhage JM, Sosin DM, Tong V. Framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks: recommendations from the CDC Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 2004;53 (RR-5): 1-1.
   Google Scholar
• European Centre for Prevention and Disease Control. Framework for a strategy for infectious disease surveillance in Europe. 2006. Online at http://ecdc.europa.eu/documents/pdf/Framework% 20surveillance%20strategy%20in%20Europe.pdf (accessed 14 March 2009).
   Google Scholar