1,949
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special issue: Understanding terror and violence in the lives of children and adolescents

Early outreach to survivors of the shootings in Norway on the 22nd of July 2011

, , , &
Article: 23523 | Received 06 Dec 2013, Accepted 12 Mar 2014, Published online: 01 Jul 2014

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 2000; 4th ed, Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. APA's response to international and national disasters and crises: Addressing diverse needs: 2005 annual report of the APA Policy and Planning Board. American Psychologist. 2006; 61(5): 513–521. 10.1037/0003-066X.61.5.513.
  • Bisson J. I, Tavakoly B, Witteveen A. B, Ajdukovic D, Jehel L, Johansen V. J, etal. TENTS guidelines: Development of post-disaster psychosocial care guidelines through a Delphi process. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 196(1): 69–74. 10.1192/bjp.bp.109.066266.
  • Bonanno G. A, Brewin C. R, Kaniasty K, Greca A. M. L. Weighing the costs of disaster. Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 2010; 11(1): 1–49. 10.1177/1529100610387086.
  • Brewin C. R, Andrews B, Valentine J. D. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2000; 68(5): 748–766.
  • Brewin C. R, Fuchkan N, Huntley Z, Robertson M, Thompson M, Scragg P, etal. Outreach and screening following the 2005 London bombings: Usage and outcomes. Psychological Medicine. 2010; 40(12): 2049–2057.
  • Dyb G, Jensen T. K, Nygaard E. Children's and parents’ posttraumatic stress reactions after the 2004 tsunami. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2011; 16(4): 621–634. 10.1177/1359104510391048.
  • Dyb G, Jensen T. K, Nygaard E, Ekeberg Ø, Diseth T. H, Wentzel-Larsen T, etal. Post-traumatic stress reactions in survivors of the 2011 massacre on Utøya Island, Norway. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.133157.
  • Gersons B. P. R, Olff M. Coping with the aftermath of trauma. British Medical Journal. 2005; 330(7499): 1038–1039. 10.1136/bmj.330.7499.1038.
  • Hjelmdal O. K. General practitioners outreach to survivors of the tsunami. 2007; Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies. (Report 1/2007).
  • Hobfoll S. E, Watson P, Bell C. C, Bryant R. A, Brymer M. J, Friedman M. J, etal. Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry. 2007; 70(4): 283–315. 10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283.
  • Jensen T. K, Dyb G, Nygaard E. A longitudinal tudy of posttraumatic stress reactions in Norwegian children and adolescents exposed to the 2004 tsunami. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2009; 163(9): 856–861. 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.151.
  • Johnson S. D, North C. S, Smith E. M. Psychiatric disorders among victims of a courthouse shooting spree: A three-year follow-up study. Community Mental Health Journal. 2002; 38(3): 181–194. 10.1023/a:1015269521969.
  • Kristensen P, Weisaeth L, Heir T. Psychiatric disorders among disaster bereaved: An interview study of individuals directly or not directly exposed to the 2004 tsunami. Depression and Anxiety. 2009; 26(12): 1127–1133. 10.1002/da.20625.
  • Layne C. M, Olsen J. A, Baker A, Legerski J. P, Isakson B, Pasalic A, etal. Unpacking trauma exposure risk factors and differential pathways of influence: Predicting postwar mental distress in Bosnian adolescents. Child Development. 2010; 81(4): 1053–1076. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01454.x.
  • Nader K, Pynoos R, Fairbanks L, Frederick C. Children's PTSD reactions one year after a sniper attack at their school. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1990; 147(11): 1526–1530.
  • National Commission on Children and Disasters. 2010 Report to the President and Congress, 2010, October, Retrieved from http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ohsepr/nccdreport.pdf.
  • Neria Y, DiGrande L, Adams B. G. Posttraumatic stress disorder following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks: A review of the litterature among highly exposed populations. American Psychologist. 2011; 66(6): 429–446.
  • Neria Y, Litz B. T. Bereavement by traumatic means: The complex synergy of trauma and grief. Journal of Loss and Trauma. 2004; 9(1): 73–87.
  • Nordanger D. Ø, Hysing M, Posserud M. B, Lundervold A. J, Jakobsen R, Olff M, etal. Posttraumatic responses to the July 22, 2011 Oslo terror among Norwegian high school students. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2013; 26(6): 679–685. 10.1002/jts.21856.
  • Norris F. H, Friedman M. J, Watson P. J, Byrne C. M, Diaz E, Kaniasty K. 60,000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes. 2002; 65(3): 207–239.
  • North C. S, Smith E. M, Spitznagel E. L. Posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of a mass shooting. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1994; 151(1): 82–88.
  • O'Donnell M. L, Lau W, Tipping S, Holmes A. C, Ellen S, Judson R, etal. Stepped early psychological intervention for posttraumatic stress disorder, other anxiety disorders, and depression following serious injury. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2012; 25(2): 125–133. 10.1002/jts.21677.
  • Ozer E. J, Best S. R, Lipsey T. L, Weiss D. S. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin. 2003; 129(1): 52–73.
  • Pynoos R. S, Frederick C, Nader K, Arroyo W, Steinberg A, Eth S, etal. Life threat and posttraumatic stress in school-age children. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1987; 44(12): 1057–1063.
  • Reifels L, Pietrantoni L, Prati G, Kim Y, Kilpatrick D, Dyb G, etal. Lessons learned about psychosocial responses to disaster and mass trauma: An international perspective. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2013; 4 22897, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.22897.
  • Schwarz E. D, Kowalski J. M. Malignant memories: PTSD in children and adults after a school shooting. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 1991; 30(6): 936–944. 10.1097/00004583-199111000-00011.
  • Scrimin S, Axia G, Capello F, Moscardino U, Steinberg A. M, Pynoos R. S. Posttraumatic reactions among injured children and their caregivers 3 months after the terrorist attack in Beslan. Psychiatry Research. 2006; 141: 333–336.
  • Solberg O, Dale M. T, Holmstrom H, Eskedal L. T, Landolt M. A, Vollrath M. E. Long-term symptoms of depression and anxiety in mothers of infants with congenital heart defects. Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2011; 36(2): 179–187. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsq054.
  • Steinberg A. M, Brymer M. J, Decker K. B, Pynoos R. S. The University of California at Los Angeles post-traumatic stress disorder reaction index. Current Psychiatry Reports. 2004; 6(2): 96–100.
  • Strand B. H, Dalgard O. S, Tambs K, Rognerud M. Measuring the mental health status of the Norwegian population: A comparison of the instruments SCL-25, SCL-10, SCL-5 and MHI-5 (SF-36). Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 57(2): 113–118. 10.1080/08039480310000932.
  • Tambs K, Moum T. How well can a few questionnaire items indicate anxiety and depression?. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 1993; 87(5): 364–367.
  • The Norwegian Directorate of Health. Screening of impact from Utøya events. 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2012, from http://helsedirektoratet.no/helse-og-omsorgstjenester/oppfolging-etter-22-7/Documents/kartleggingsskjema.pdf.
  • The Norwegian Directorate of Health. Learning for better emergency preparedness: The medical response to the terrorist incidents of 22 July 2011 (IS-1984). 2012; Oslo, Norway: The Norwegian Directorate of Health.
  • Trappler B, Friedman S. Posttraumatic stress disorder in survivors of the Brooklyn Bridge shooting. American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996; 153(5): 705–707.
  • Thoresen S, Aakvaag H, Wentzel-Larsen T, Dyb G, Hjemdal O. The day Norway cried: Proximity and distress in Norwegian citizens following the 22nd July 2011 terrorist attacks in Oslo and on Utøya Island. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2012; 3 19709, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.19709.
  • Walker L. S, Beck J. E, Garber J, Lambert W. Children's somatization inventory: Psychometric properties of the revised form (CSI-24). Journal of Pediatric Psychology. 2009; 34(4): 430–440. 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn093.
  • Zatzick D, Roy-Byrne P, Russo J, Rivara F, Droesch R, Wagner A, etal. A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2004; 61(5): 498–506. 10.1001/archpsyc.61.5.498.