3,055
Views
52
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Clinical Research Articles

Latent profile analysis and principal axis factoring of the DSM-5 dissociative subtype

, , &
Article: 26406 | Received 23 Oct 2014, Accepted 05 Mar 2015, Published online: 01 Apr 2015

References

  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. 2013; Washington, DC: Author. (5th ed.).
  • Aponte-Soto M. R., Vélez-Pastrana M., Martínez-Taboas A., González R. A. Psychometric properties of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale in Puerto Rico. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2014; 15(3): 348–363. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Armour C., Contractor A. A., Palmieri P. A., Elhai J. D. Assessing latent level associations between PTSD and dissociative factors: Is depersonalization and derealization related to PTSD factors more so than alternative dissociative factors?. Psychological Injury and Law. 2014; 7(2): 131–142.
  • Armour C., Karstoft K., Richardson J. D. The co-occurrence of PTSD and dissociation: Differentiating severe PTSD from dissociative-PTSD. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 49(8): 1297–1306.
  • Armour C., Tsai J., Durham T. A., Charak R., Biehn T. L., Elhai J. D. Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms: Support for a hybrid anhedonia and externalizing behaviors model. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2015; 61: 106. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Asparouhov T., Muthen B. O. Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: A 3-step approach using Mplus (Mplus web notes: No. 15, Version 6). Retrieved October 10, 2014, from http://statmodel.com/examples/webnotesAuxMixture_submitted_corrected_webnote.
  • Barkham M., Hardy G. E., Startup M. The structure, validity and clinical relevance of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1994; 67(2): 171–185. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Barkham M., Hardy G. E., Startup M. The IIP-32: A short version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1996; 35(1): 21–35. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Bernstein D. P., Stein J. A., Newcomb M. D., Walker E., Pogge D., Ahluvalia T. Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2003; 27(2): 169–190. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Biehn T. L., Elhai J. D., Seligman L. D., Tamburrino M., Armour C., Forbes D. Underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms. Psychological Injury and Law. 2013; 6(4): 290–298.
  • Blevins C. A., Weathers F. W., Witte T. K. Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2014; 27(4): 388–396. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Blevins C. A., Witte T. K., Weathers F. W. Factor structure of the Cambridge depersonalization scale in trauma-exposed college students. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation. 2013; 14(3): 288. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Brett E. A., Spitzer R. L., Williams J. B. DSM-III-R criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1988; 145(10): 1232–1236. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Briere J. Multiscale Dissociation Inventory (MDI). 2002; Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
  • Collimore K. C., Carleton R. N., Hofmann S. G., Asmundson G. J. G. Posttraumatic stress and social anxiety: The interaction of traumatic events and interpersonal fears. Depression and Anxiety. 2010; 27(11): 1017–1026. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Contractor A. A., Durham T. A., Brennan J. A., Armour C., Wutrick H. R., Frueh B. C. DSM-5 PTSD's symptom dimensions and relations with major depression's symptom dimensions in a primary care sample. Psychiatry Research. 2014; 215(1): 146–153. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Dell P. F. The Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation (MID): A comprehensive measure of pathological dissociation. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation. 2006; 7: 77–106. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Dell P. F., Lawson D. Dell P. F., O'Neil J. A. An empirical delineation of the domain of pathological dissociation. Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM–V and beyond. 2009; New York: Routledge. 667–692.
  • Elhai J. D., Gray M. J., Kashdan T. B., Franklin C. L. Which instruments are most commonly used to assess traumatic event exposure and posttraumatic effects? A survey of traumatic stress professionals. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2005; 18(5): 541–545. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Elhai J. D., Miller M. E., Ford J. D., Biehn T. L., Palmieri P. A., Frueh B. C. Posttraumatic stress disorder in DSM-5: Estimates of prevalence and symptom structure in a nonclinical sample of college students. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2012; 26(1): 58–64. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Fabrigar L. R., Wegener D. T., MacCallum R. C., Strahan E. J. Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods. 1999; 4(3): 272–299.
  • Finkelhor D., Hamby S. L., Ormrod R., Turner H. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire: Reliability, validity, and national norms. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2005; 29(4): 383–412. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Frewen P. A., Evans B., Goodman J., Halliday A., Boylan J., Moran G. Development of a Childhood Attachment and Relational Trauma Screen (CARTS): A relational-socioecological framework for surveying attachment security and childhood trauma history. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2013; 4: 20232. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.20232.
  • Frewen P. A., Lanius R. A. Trauma-related altered states of consciousness: Exploring the 4-D model. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2014; 15(4): 436–456. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Frewen P. A., Lanius R. A. Healing the traumatized self: Consciousness, neuroscience, treatment. 2015; New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Friedman M. J. Finalizing PTSD in DSM-5: Getting here from there and where to go next. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2013; 26(5): 548–556. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Friedman M. J. Friedman M. J., Keane T. M., Resnick P. A. DSM-5 criteria for PTSD. Handbook of PTSD. 2014; 2nd ed., New York: Guilford Press. 21–38.
  • Gentes E. L., Dennis P. A., Kimbrel N. A., Rissling M. B., Beckham J. C., Calhoun P. S. DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder: Factor structure and rates of diagnosis. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2014; 59: 60–67. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Gratz K. L., Conrad S. D., Roemer L. Risk factors for deliberate self-harm among college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2002; 72(1): 128–140. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Gratz K. L., Roemer L. Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. 2004; 26(1): 41–54.
  • Hamby S. L., Finkelhor D., Ormrod R., Turner H. The Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ): Administration and Scoring Manual. 2004; Durham, NH: Crimes against Children Research Center.
  • Hoge C. W., Riviere L. A., Wilk J. E., Herrell R. K., Weathers F. W. The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in US combat soldiers: A head-to-head comparison of DSM-5 versus DSM-IV-TR symptom criteria with the PTSD checklist. Lancet Psychiatry. 2014; 1(4): 269–277.
  • Kilpatrick D. G. The DSM-5 got PTSD right: Comment on Friedman (2013). Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2013; 26(5): 563–566. [PubMed Abstract].
  • King D. W., Leskin G. A., King L. A., Weathers F. W. Confirmatory factor analysis of the clinician-administered PTSD scale: Evidence for the dimensionality of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychological Assessment. 1998; 10(2): 90–96.
  • Lanius R. A., Brand B., Vermetten E., Frewen P. A., Spiegel D. The dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder: Rationale, clinical and neurobiological evidence, and implications. Depression and Anxiety. 2012; 29(8): 701–708. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Lanius R. A., Vermetten E., Loewenstein R. J., Brand B., Schmahl C., Bremner J. D. Emotion modulation in PTSD: Clinical and neurobiological evidence for a dissociative subtype. American Journal of Psychiatry. 2010; 167(6): 640–647. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Lanius R. A., Wolf E. J., Miller M. W., Frewen P. A., Vermetten E., Brand B., etal., Friedman M. J., Keane T. M., Resick P. A. The dissociative subtype of PTSD. Handbook of PTSD: Science and practice. 2014; 2nd ed., New York: Guilford Press. 234–250.
  • Litz B. T. Emotional numbing in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder: A critical review and reformulation. Clinical Psychology Review. 1992; 12(4): 417–432.
  • Liu P., Wang L., Cao C., Wang R., Zhang J., Zhang B., etal. The underlying dimensions of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in an epidemiological sample of Chinese earthquake survivors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2014; 28(4): 345–351. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Lo Y., Mendell N. R., Rubin D. B. Testing the number of components in a normal mixture. Biometrika. 2001; 88(3): 767–778.
  • McLachlan G., Peel D. Finite mixture models. 2000; New York: John Wiley & Sons..
  • Miller M. W., Wolf E. J., Kilpatrick D., Resnick H., Marx B. P., Holowka D. W. The prevalence and latent structure of proposed DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in U.S. national and veteran samples. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2013; 5(6): 501–512.
  • Muthén L. K., Muthén B. O. MPlus. 2007; Los Angeles, CA: Muthén &: Muthén.
  • Noll J. G., Horowitz L. A., Bonanno G. A., Trickett P. K., Putnam F. W. Revictimization and self-harm in females who experienced childhood sexual abuse: Results from a prospective study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2003; 18(12): 1452–1471. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Nylund K. L., Asparouhov T., Muthén B. O. Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: A Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal. 2007; 14(4): 535–569.
  • Palmieri P. A., Weathers F. W., Difede J., King D. W. Confirmatory factor analysis of the PTSD checklist and the clinician-administered PTSD scale in disaster workers exposed to the world trade center ground zero. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2007; 116(2): 329–341. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Ruscio A. M., Weathers F. W., King L. A., King D. W. Male war-zone veterans’ perceived relationships with their children: The importance of emotional numbing. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2002; 15(5): 351–357. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Schwarz G. Estimating the dimension of a model. The Annals of Statistics. 1978; 6(2): 461–464.
  • Shapiro D. N., Chandler J., Mueller P. A. Using mechanical Turk to study clinical populations. Clinical Psychological Science. 2013; 1(2): 213–220.
  • Sierra M., Baker D., Medford N., David A. S. Unpacking the depersonalization syndrome: An exploratory factor analysis on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. Psychological Medicine. 2005; 35(10): 1523–1532. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Sierra M., Berrios G. E. The Cambridge Depersonalization Scale: A new instrument for the measurement of depersonalization. Psychiatry Research. 2000; 93(2): 153–164. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Simeon D., Smith R. J., Knutelska M., Smith L. M. Somatoform dissociation in depersonalization disorder. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation. 2008; 9(3): 335–348. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Simms L. J., Watson D., Doebbelling B. N. Confirmatory factor analyses of posttraumatic stress symptoms in deployed and nondeployed veterans of the gulf war. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2002; 111(4): 637–647. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Spiegel D., Loewenstein R. J., Lewis-Fernández R., Sar V., Simeon D., Vermetten E. Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Depression and Anxiety. 2011; 28(9): 824–852. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Spiegel D., Lewis-Fernández R., Lanius R., Vermetten E., Simeon D., Friedman M. Dissociative disorders in DSM-5. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2013; 9(1): 299–326. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Steuwe C., Lanius R. A., Frewen P. A. Evidence for a dissociative subtype of PTSD by latent profile and confirmatory factor analysis in a civilian sample. Depression and Anxiety. 2012; 29(8): 689–700. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Stein D. J., Koenen K. C., Friedman M. J., Hill E., McLaughlin K., Petukhova M. Dissociation in posttraumatic stress disorder: Evidence from the World Mental Health Surveys. Biological Psychiatry. 2013; 73: 302–312. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Thombs B. D., Bernstein D. P., Ziegelstein R. C., Bennett W., Walker E. A. A brief two-item screener for detecting a history of physical or sexual abuse in childhood. General Hospital Psychiatry. 2007; 29(1): 8–13. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Tsai J., Harpaz-Rotem I., Armour C., Southwick S. M., Krystal J. H., Pietrzak R. H. Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: Results from the national health and resilience in veterans study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry [Epub ahead of print] . 2014
  • Van der Hart O., Nijenhuis E. R. S., Steele K. Dissociation: An insufficiently recognized major feature of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2005; 18(5): 413–423. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Weathers F. W., Litz B. T., Keane T. M., Palmieri P. A., Marx B. P., Schnurr P. P. The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Scale available from the National Center for PTSD. Retrieved March 4, 2015, from http://www.ptsd.va.gov.
  • Wolf E. J., Lunney C. A., Miller M. W., Resick P. A., Friedman M. J., Schnurr P. P. The dissociative subtype of PTSD: A replication and extension. Depression and Anxiety. 2012; 29: 679–88. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Wolf E. J., Miller M., Rearon A. F., Rybchenko K. A., Castillo D., Freund R. Latent class analysis of dissociation and PTSD: Evidence for a dissociative subtype. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2012; 69: 698–705. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Wolf E. J., Miller M. W., Kilpatrick D., Resnick H. S., Badour C. L., Marx B. P. ICD-11 complex PTSD in U.S. National and Veteran Samples: Prevalence and structural associations with PTSD. Clinical Psychological Science. 2015; 3(2): 215–229. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Wolf E. J., Rasmusson A. M., Mitchell K. S., Logue M. W., Baldwin C. T., Miller M. W. A genome-wide association study of clinical symptoms of dissociation in a trauma-exposed sample. Depression and Anxiety. 2014; 31(4): 352–360. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Yufik T., Simms L. J. A meta-analytic investigation of the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2010; 119: 764–776. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].