4,345
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special issue: Global mental health and trauma

Global mental health and trauma exposure: the current evidence for the relationship between traumatic experiences and spirit possession

, &
Article: 29126 | Received 13 Jul 2015, Accepted 15 Sep 2015, Published online: 19 Nov 2015

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV-TR). 2000; Washington, DC: Author.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2013; Washington, DC: Author. 5th ed..
  • Annan J., Blattman C., Horton R. The state of youth and youth protection in northern Uganda: Findings from the survey for war affected youth. 2006; Kampala: UNICEF Uganda.
  • Baines E. K. The haunting of Alice: Local approaches to justice and reconciliation in Northern Uganda. International Journal of Transitional Justice. 2007; 1: 91–114. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijm007.
  • Baines E. K. Spirit and social reconstruction after mass violence: Rethinking transitional justice. African Affairs. 2010; 109(436): 409–430. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adq023.
  • Baita S. Coping with childhood trauma and dissociation in Argentina. Journal of Trauma Practice. 2006; 4(1–2): 35–53. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J189v04n01.
  • *Bakhshani N. M., Hosseinbore N., Kianpoor M. Djinnati syndrome: Symptoms and prevalence in rural population of Baluchistan (southeast of Iran). Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2013; 6(6): 566–570. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.09.012.
  • *Bayer R. S., Shunaigat W. M. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of possessive disorder in Jordan. Neuroscience. 2002; 7(1): 46–49.
  • Betancourt T. S., Agnew-Blais J., Gilman S. E., Williams D. R., Ellis B. H. Past horrors, present struggles: The role of stigma in the association between war experiences and psychosocial adjustment among former child soldiers in Sierra Leone. Social Science & Medicine. 2010; 70(1): 17–26. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.038.
  • Betancourt T. S., Speelman L., Onyango G., Bolton P. A qualitative study of mental health problems among children displaced by war in northern Uganda. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2009; 46(2): 238–256. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461509105815.
  • Boddy J. Spirit possession revisited: Beyond instrumentality. Annual Reviews of Antropology. 1994; 23: 407–434. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.23.100194.002203.
  • Bourguignon E. Religion, altered states of consciousness, and social change. 1973; Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
  • Brewster H. M., Kohrt B. A., Khoury N. M., Kaiser B. N., Keys H. M., Brewster A. R., etal. Explanatory models and mental health treatment: Is vodou an obstacle to psychiatric treatment in rural Haiti?. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry. 2012; 36(3): 514–534. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-012-9270-2.
  • Cardena E., Van Duijl M., Weiner L., Terhune D. Dell P. F., O'Neil J. A. Possession/trance phenomena. ‘Dissociation and the dissociative disorders: DSM-V and beyond’. 2009 New York, NY: Routledge. 171–181.
  • *Castillo R. J. Spirit possession in South Asia, dissociation or Hysteria?, Culture. Medicine and Psychiatry. 1994; 18: 1–21.
  • *Chand S. P., Al-Hussaini A. A., Martin R., Mustapha S., Zaidan Z., Viernes N., etal. Dissociative disorders in the Sultanate of Oman. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2000; 102: 185–187. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0447.2000.102003185.x.
  • *Chaturvedi S. K., Desai G., Shaligram D. Dissociative disorders in a psychiatric institute in India-a selected review and patterns over a decade. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2010; 56(5): 533–539. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764009347335.
  • Collins P. Y., Insel T. R., Chockalingam A., Daar A., Maddox Y. T. Grand challenges in global mental health: Integration in research, policy, and practice. PLoS Medicine. 2013; 10: e1001434.
  • Dalenberg C. J., Brand B. L., Gleaves D. H., Dorahy M. J., Richard J., Cardeña E., etal. Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation. Psychological Bulletin. 2012; 138(3): 550–588. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027447.
  • De Jong J., Komproe I. H., Van Ommeren M. Common mental disorders in postconflict settings. The Lancet. 2003; 361(9375): 2128–2130.
  • De Jong J., Komproe I. H., Van Ommeren M., El Masri M., Araya M., Khaled N., etal. Lifetime events and posttraumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2001; 286(5): 555–562. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.286.5.555.
  • During E. H., Elahi F. M., Taieb O., Moro M. R., Baubet T. A critical review of dissociative trance and possession disorders: Etiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and nosological issues. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2011; 56(4): 235–242.
  • *Gaw A. C., Ding Q. Z., Levine R. E., Gaw H. F. The clinical characteristics of possession disorder among 20 Chinese patients in the Hebei province of China. Psychiatric Services. 1998; 49(3): 360–365. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ps.49.3.360.
  • Gingrich H. J. D. An examination of dissociative symptoms as they relate to indigenous Filipino concepts. Social Science Diliman. 2006; 3(1–2): 1–48.
  • *Guenedi A. A., Al Hussaini A. A., Obeid Y. A., Hussain S., Al-Azri F., Al-Adawi S. Investigation of the cerebral blood flow of an Omani man with supposed “spirit possession” associated with an altered mental state: A case report. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2009; 5: 9325. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-3-9325.
  • *Hale A. S., Pinninti N. R. Exorcism-resistant ghost possession treated with clopenthixol. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 1994; 165(3): 386–388. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.165.3.386.
  • IASC Reference Group for Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings. Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian emergencies: What should humanitarian health actors know?. 2010; Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Igreja V., Dias-Lambranca B., Hershey D. A., Calero C., Richters A. Agricultural cycle and the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder: A longitudinal community study in postwar Mozambique. Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2009; 22(3): 172–179. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.20412.
  • *Igreja V., Dias-Lambranca B., Hershey D. A., Racin L., Richters A., Reis R. The epidemiology of spirit possession in the aftermath of mass political violence in Mozambique. Social Science & Medicine. 2010; 71(3): 592–599. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.024.
  • Igreja V., Dias-Lambranca B., Richters A. Gamba spirits, gender relations, and healing in post-civil war Gorongosa, Mozambique. Journal of the Royal Anthroplogical Institute. 2008; 14: 353–371.
  • *Khan I. D., Sahni A. K. Possession syndrome at high altitude (4575 m/15000 ft). Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2013; 11(3): 253–255. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i3.12516.
  • *Khoury N. M., Kaiser B. N., Keys H. M., Brewster A. R. T., Kohrt B. A. Explanatory models and mental health treatment: Is vodou an obstacle to psychiatric treatment in rural Haiti?, Culture, Medicine. and Psychiatry. 2012; 36(3): 514–534.
  • *Kianpoor M., Rhoades J. G. F. Djinnati, a possession state in Baloochistan, Iran. Journal of Trauma Practice. 2006; 4(1–2): 147–155. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J189v04n01_10.
  • Kohrt B. A., Hruschka D. J. Nepali concepts of psychological trauma: The role of idioms of distress, ethnopsychology and ethnophysiology in alleviating suffering and preventing stigma. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2010; 34: 322–352. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9170-2.
  • Maercker A., Horn A. B. A socio-interpersonal perspective on PSTD: The case for environments and interpersonal processes. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 2013; 20: 465–481. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1805.
  • Mathers C., Fat D. M., Boerma J. T. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. 2008; Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Muhammad Gadit A. A., Callanan T. S. Jinni possession: A clinical enigma in mental health. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2006; 56(10): 476–478.
  • *Neuner F., Pfeiffer A., Schauer-Kaiser E., Odenwald M., Elbert T., Ertl V. Haunted by ghosts: Prevalence, predictors and outcomes of spirit possession experiences among former child soldiers and war-affected civilians in Northern Uganda. Social Science & Medicine. 2012; 75(3): 548–554. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.028.
  • *Ng B. Y. Phenomenology of trance states seen at a psychiatric hospital in Singapore: A cross-cultural perspective. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2000; 37(4): 560–579. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136346150003700404.
  • *Ng B. Y., Chan Y. Psychosocial stressors that precipitate dissociative trance disorder in Singapore. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2004; 38: 426–432. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01379.x.
  • Odenwald M., Hinkel H., Schauer E., Schauer M., Elbert T., Neuner F., etal. Use of khat and posttraumatic stress disorder as risk factors for psychotic symptoms: A study of Somali combatants. Social Science & Medicine. 2009; 69: 1040–1048. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.020.
  • Odenwald M., Van Duijl M., Schmitt T. Bhui K., Bughra D. Disorders of possession and dissociation in the intercultural clinical practice. Culture and mental health: A comprehensive textbook. 2007; Oxford: Hodder Arnold. 87–97.
  • *Pereira S., Bhui K., Dein S. Making sense of possession states: Psychopathology and differential diagnosis. British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 1995; 53: 582–585.
  • Ross C. A., Schroeder E., Ness L. Dissociation and symptoms of culture-bound syndromes in North America: A preliminary study. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2013; 14(2): 224–235. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2013.724338.
  • *Sar V., Alioglu F., Akyüz G. Experiences of possession and paranormal phenomena among women in the general population: Are they related to traumatic stress and dissociation?. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2014; 15(3): 303–318. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2013.849321.
  • *Schieffelin E. L. Evil spirit sickness, the christian disease: The innovation of a new syndrome of mental derangement and redemption in Papua New Guinea. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 1996; 20: 1–39. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00118749.
  • Seligman R., Kirmayer L. J. Dissociative experience and cultural neuroscience: Narrative, metaphor and mechanism. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2008; 32: 31–64. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-007-9077-8.
  • *Somasundaram D., Thivakaran T., Bhugra D. Possession states in northern Sri Lanka. Psychopathology. 2008; 41: 245–253. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000125558.
  • *Szabo C. P., Jonsson G., Vorster V. Dissociative trance disorder associated with major depression and bereavement in a South African female adolescent. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2005; 39(5): 423–423. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1614.2005.01593.x.
  • Van Duijl M. Spirits, devils and trauma. Dissociation in south-west Uganda. 2014; Maastricht: Boekenplan.
  • Van Duijl M., Cardeña E., De Jong J. T. The validity of DSM-IV dissociative disorders categories in south-west Uganda. Transcultural Psychiatry. 2005; 42(2): 219–241.
  • Van Duijl M., Kleijn W., De Jong J. Are symptoms of spirit possessed patients covered by the DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria for possession trance disorder? A mixed-method explorative study in Uganda. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2013; 48(9): 1417–1430. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-012-0635-1.
  • Van Duijl M., Kleijn W., De Jong J. Unravelling the spirits’ message: A study of help-seeking steps and explanatory models among patients suffering from spirit possession in Uganda. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. 2014; 8(1): 24. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-24.
  • *Van Duijl M., Nijenhuis E., Komproe I. H., Gernaat H. B. P. E., De Jong J. Dissociative symptoms and reported trauma among patients with spirit possession and matched healthy controls in Uganda. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry. 2010; 34(2): 380–400. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9171-1.
  • WHO. ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. 1992; Geneva: Author.
  • WHO. mhGAP intervention guide for mental, neurological and substance use disorders in non-specialized health settings. 2010; Geneva: Author.
  • WHO. Mental health action plan 2013–2020. 2013; Geneva: Author.
  • WHO & UNHCR. mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG) clinical management of mental, neurological and substance use conditions in humanitarian emergencies. 2015; Geneva: Author.