A two-year clinical lifestyle intervention program for weight loss in obesity

References

• WHO (1997): Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 894. Geneva: World Health Organisation.
   Google Scholar
• Persson U, Ödegard K. Indirekta kostnader till följd av sjukdomar relaterade till övervikt och fetma. IHE, e-report 2003: 5, pp 1–20, www.ihe.se
   Google Scholar
• SBU. Obesity a grave epidemic. The Swedish council on technology assessment in health care (2002) report number 160, pp 401–59, www.sbu.se. ISBN: 91-87890-78-X.
   Google Scholar
• Reaven G. Metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and implications for management of cardiovascular disease. 2002; 106: 280-8
   Google Scholar
• Ginsberg HN. Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. 2002; 106: 453-8
   Google Scholar
• Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lathi K, Nissen Met al.Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome. 2001; 24: 683-9
   Google Scholar
• Depres JP. Abdominal obesity as important component of insulin-resistance syndrome. 1993; 9: 452-9
   Google Scholar
• Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. 1998; 15: 539-53
   Google Scholar
• DeFronzo RA, Bonadonna RC, Ferrannini E. Pathogenesis of NIDDM. A balanced overview. 1992; 15: 318-68
   Google Scholar
• Zavaroni I, Bonini L, Gasparani P, Barilli AL, Zuccarelli A, Dall'Aglio Eet al.Hyperinsulinemia in a normal population as a predictor of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary heart disease: The Barilla factory revisited. 1999; 48: 989-94
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin TL, Reaven GM. Beyond type 2 diabetes: the need for a clinical useful way to identify insulin resistance (Editorial). 2003; 114: 501-2
   Google Scholar
• Riserius U, Ärnlöv J, Brismar K, Zethelius B, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagital abdominal diameter is a strong anthropometric marker of insulin resistance and hyperproinsulinemia in obese men. 2004; 27: 2042-6
   Google Scholar
• Öhrvall M, Berglund L, Vessby B. Sagital abdominal diameter compared with other anthropometric measurements in relation to cardiovascular risk. 2000; 24: 497-501
   Google Scholar
• Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. 2001; 414: 782-7
   Google Scholar
• Toumiletho J, Lindström J, Eriksson J, Valle T, Hämiläinen H, Ilanne-Parrika Pet al.Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subject with impaired glucose tolerance. 2001; 344: 1343-50
   Google Scholar
• Knowler WC, Barret-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EAet al.Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention and metformin. 2002; 346: 393-403
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein DJ. Beneficial health effects of modest weight loss. 1992; 16: 397-415
   Google Scholar
• Svenska Livsmedelsverket (Swedish National Food Administration). Svenska näringsrekommendationer (Swedish dietary recommendations) [In Swedish]. Vår föda 1997; 2: 8–14.
   Google Scholar
• Karlström B, Vessby B, Eliasson M. Diet – a balanced approach, 1989. Diabetes 1988. Proceedings of the 13th Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, Sydney, 20–25 November 1988.
   Google Scholar
• Sjöström L, Rissanen A, Andersen T, Boldrin M, Golay A, Koppeschaar HPFet al.Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. 1998; 352: 167-72
   Google Scholar
• Andersson I, Rössner S. Weight development, dropout pattern and changes in obesity-related risk factors after two years of treatment of obese men. 1997; 21: 211-6
   Google Scholar
• Sjöström CD, Lissner L, Sjöström L. Relationships between changes in body composition and changes in cardiovascular risk factors: the SOS Intervention Study. Swedish Obese Subjects. 1997; 5: 119-30
   Google Scholar
• Pan XR, Li GW, Hu YH, Wang JX, Yang WY, An ZXet al.Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance. 1997; 20: 537-44
   Google Scholar
• Eriksson KF, Lindgarde F. Prevention of type 2 (NID) diabetes mellitus by diet and physical exercise: the 6-year Malmö feasibility study. 1991; 34: 891-8
   Google Scholar
• The DECODE Study Group Glucose tolerance and mortality: comparison of WHO and American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria. 1999; 354: 617-21
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin T, Abbasi F, Cheal K, Chu J, Lamendola C, Reaven G. Use of metabolic markers to identify overweight individuals who are insulin resistant. 2003; 139: 802-9
   Google Scholar
• Berglund L, Lithell H. Prediction models for insulin resistance. 1996; 5: 274-7
   Google Scholar
• Hokansson JE, Austin MA. Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of HDL cholesterol level: a meta analysis of population based prospective studies. 1996; 2: 213-9
   Google Scholar
• Kahn HS, Simoes EJ, Koponen R. The abdominal diameter index and sudden coronary death in men. 1996; 78: 961-4
   Google Scholar
• Seidel JC, Andres R, Sorkin JD, Muller DC. The sagital waist diameter and mortality in men: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Ageing. 1994; 18: 61-7
   Google Scholar
• Foreyt JP, Goodrick GK. Factors common to successful therapy for obese patients. 1991; 23: 292-7
   Google Scholar
• Hansen D, Astrup A, Toubro S, Finer N, Kopelman P, Hilsted J, et al.; for the STORM Study Group M. Predictors of weight loss and maintenance during 2 years of treatment of subutramine in obesity. Results from the European multi-centre STORM-trial. 2001; 25: 496–501.
   Google Scholar
• Melin I, Reynisdottir, Berglund L, Zamfir M, Karlström B. Motivating clinical treatment of obesity, methods, education, supervision and outcome. Thesis, paper No. 4, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, 2004.
   Google Scholar