1,090
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Articles

Physical activity, muscle function, falls and fractures

, &
Article: 1920 | Received 22 Jul 2008, Published online: 30 Dec 2008

References

  • Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ, 3rd. Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 1992; 2: 285–9.
  • Kannus P, Parkkari J, Sievanen H, Heinonen A, Vuori I, Jarvinen M. Epidemiology of hip fractures. Bone 1996; 18: 57S–63S.
  • Poor G, Atkinson EJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ, 3rd. Determinants of reduced survival following hip fractures in men. Clin Orthop 1995; 391: 260–5.
  • Jarnlo GB, Thorngren KG. Background factors to hip fractures. Clin Orthop 1993; 287: 41–9.
  • Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton LJ, 3rd. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137:1001–5.
  • Ray NF, Chan JK, Thamer M, Melton LJ, 3rd. Medical expenditures for the treatment of osteoporotic fractures in the United States in 1995: report from the National Osteoporosis Foundation. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12: 24–35.
  • Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Caule JA, Thomson DE, Nevitt MC, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535–41.
  • Jonsson B. Life style and fracture risk. Thesis, University of Lund, Sweden, 1993.
  • Orwoll E, Ettinger M, Weiss S, Miller P, Kendler DJG, Adami S, et al. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 604–10.
  • Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner W, Cauley J, Ensrud K, et al. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Lancet 1993; 341: 72–5.
  • Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 767–73.
  • WHO. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Report of a WHO Study Group. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser 1994; 843:1–129.
  • SBU95 (1995). The Swedish council on technology assessment in health care: measurement of bone density. SBU report nr 127, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Jarvinen TL, Sievanen H, Khan KM, Heinonen A, Kannus P. Shifting the focus in fracture prevention from osteoporosis to falls. BMJ 2008; 336: 124–6.
  • Tinetti ME, Speechley M, Ginter SF. Risk factors for falls among elderly persons living in the community. N Engl J Med 1988; 319: 1701–7.
  • Daley MJ, Spinks WL. Exercise, mobility and aging. Sports Med 2000; 29: 1–12.
  • Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND, Meredith CN, Lipsitz LA, Evans WJ. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Effects on skeletal muscle. JAMA 1990; 263: 3029–34.
  • Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR, Nelson ME, et al. Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1769–75.
  • Nelson ME, Fiatarone MA, Morganti CM, Trice I, Greenberg RA, Evans WJ. Effects of high-intensity strength training on multiple risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1994; 272: 1909–14.
  • Province MA, Hadley EC, Hornbrook MC, Lipsitz LA, Miller JP, Mulrow CD, et al. The effects of exercise on falls in elderly patients. A preplanned meta-analysis of the FICSIT Trials. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques [see comments]. JAMA 1995; 273: 1341–7.
  • Lexell J. Effects of strength and endurance training on skeletal muscle in the elderly; new muscles for old. J Swed Med Assoc (Läkartidningen) 1999; 96: 207–9.
  • Lord SR, Ward JA, Williams P, Strudwick M. The effect of a 12-month exercise trial on balance, strength, and falls in older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43: 1198–206.
  • Heislein DM, Harris BA, Jette AM. A strength training program for postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1994; 75: 198–204.
  • Ryan AS, Treuth MS, Rubin MA, Miller JP, Nicklas BJ, Landis DM, et al. Effects of strength training on bone mineral density: hormonal and bone turnover relationships. J Appl Physiol 1994; 77: 1678–84.
  • Kontulainen S, Kannus P, Haapasalo H, Heinonen A, Sievanen H, Oja P, et al. Changes in bone mineral content with decreased training in competitive young adult tennis players and controls: a prospective 4-yr follow-up. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: 646–52.
  • Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Maitland LA, Resnick NM, Hayes WC. Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly. JAMA 1994; 271: 128–33.
  • Wolf SL, Barnhart HX, Ellison GL, Coogler CE. The effect of Tai Chi Quan and computerized balance training on postural stability in older subjects. Atlanta FICSIT Group. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies on Intervention Techniques. Phys Ther 1997; 77: 371–81; discussion 382–4.
  • Wolf SL, Barnhart HX, Kutner NG, McNeely E, Coogler C, Xu T. Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Atlanta FICSIT Group. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 44: 489–97.
  • Tinetti ME, Baker DI, McAvay G, Claus EB, Garrett P, Gottschalk M, et al. A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community [see comments]. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 821–7.
  • Jensen J, Lundin-Olsson L, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. Fall and injury prevention in older people living in residential care facilities. A cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 733–41.
  • Campbell AJ, Robertson MC, Gardner MM, Norton RN, Buchner DM. Falls prevention over 2 years: a randomized controlled trial in women 80 years and older [see comments]. Age Ageing 1999; 28: 513–8.
  • Wagner EH, LaCroix AZ, Grothaus L, Leveille SG, Hecht JA, Artz K, et al. Preventing disability and falls in older adults: a population-based randomized trial. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1800–6.
  • Mulrow CD, Gerety MB, Kanten D, Cornell JE, DeNino LA, Chiodo L, et al. A randomized trial of physical rehabilitation for very frail nursing home residents [see comments]. JAMA 1994; 271: 519–24.
  • Gregg EW, Pereira MA, Caspersen CJ. Physical activity, falls, and fractures among older adults: a review of the epidemiologic evidence. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000; 48: 883–93.
  • Lehtola S, Hanninen L, Paatalo M. The incidence of falls during a six month exercise trial and four month follow-up among home dwelling persons aged 70–75 years [Finnish]. Liikunta Tiede 2000; 6: 41–7.
  • O'Loughlin JL, Robitaille Y, Boivin JF, Suissa S. Incidence of and risk factors for falls and injurious falls among the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1993; 137: 342–54.
  • Kallin K, Lundin-Olsson L, Jensen J, Nyberg L, Gustafson Y. Predisposing and precipitating factors for falls among older people in residential care. Public Health 2002; 116: 263–71.
  • Tinetti ME, Doucette J, Claus E, Marottoli R. Risk factors for serious injury during falls by older persons in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc 1995; 43:1214–21.
  • Tinetti ME, Inouye SK, Gill TM, Doucette JT. Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence. Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes [see comments]. JAMA 1995; 273: 1348–53.
  • Gregg EW, Cauley JA, Seeley DG, Ensrud KE, Bauer DC. Physical activity and osteoporotic fracture risk in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group [see comments]. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 81–8.
  • Coupland C, Wood D, Cooper C. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for hip fracture in the elderly. J Epidemiol Community Health 1993; 47: 441–3.
  • Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Exercise and other factors in the prevention of hip fracture: the Leisure World study. Epidemiology 1991; 2: 16–25.
  • Silman AJ, O'Neill TW, Cooper C, Kanis J, Felsenberg D. Influence of physical activity on vertebral deformity in men and women: results from the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12: 813–9.
  • Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Kannus P, Sarna S, Koskenvuo M. Physical activity and osteoporotic hip fracture risk in men. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 705–8.
  • Farmer ME, Harris T, Madans JH, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, White LR. Anthropometric indicators and hip fracture. The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989; 37: 9–16.
  • Meyer HE, Henriksen C, Falch JA, Pedersen JI, Tverdal A. Risk factors for hip fracture in a high incidence area: a case-control study from Oslo, Norway. Osteoporos Int 1995; 5: 239–46.
  • Chan HH, Lau EM, Woo J, Lin F, Sham A, Leung PC. Dietary calcium intake, physical activity and the risk of vertebral fracture in Chinese. Osteoporos Int 1996; 6: 228–32.
  • Greendale GA, Barrett-Connor E, Edelstein S, Ingles S, Haile R. Lifetime leisure exercise and osteoporosis. The Rancho Bernardo study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141: 951–9.
  • Nordstrom A, Karlsson C, Nyquist F, Olsson T, Nordstrom P, Karlsson M. Bone loss and fracture risk after reduced physical activity. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 202–7.
  • Valdimarsson O, Alborg HG, Duppe H, Nyquist F, Karlsson M. Reduced training is associated with increased loss of BMD. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 906–12.
  • Karlsson MK, Linden C, Karlsson C, Johnell O, Obrant K, Seeman E. Exercise during growth and bone mineral density and fractures in old age. Lancet 2000; 355: 469–70.
  • Karlsson MK, Alborg HG, Obrant K, Nyquist F, Lindberg H, Karlsson C. Exercise during growth and young adulthood is associated with reduced fracture risk in old ages. J Bone Miner Res 2002; 17 Suppl 1: s297.
  • Sinaki M, Itoi E, Wahner HW, Wollan P, Gelzcer R, Mullan BP, et al. Stronger back muscles reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures: a prospective 10 year follow-up of postmenopausal women. Bone 2002; 30: 836–41.