Increasing doses of fiber do not influence short-term satiety or food intake and are inconsistently linked to gut hormone levels

References

• Howarth NC, Saltzman E, McCrory MA, Greenberg AS, Dwyer J, Ausman Let al.Fermentable and nonfermentable fibre supplements did not alter hunger, satiety or body weight in a pilot study of men and women consuming self-selected diets. 2003; 1333141-4
   Google Scholar
• Liu S, Willett WC, Manson JE, Hu FB, Rosner B, Colditz G. Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fibre and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women. 2003; 78920-7
   Google Scholar
• Maskarinec G, Takata Y, Pagano I, Carlin L, Goodman MT, Le Marchand Let al.Trends and dietary determinants of overweight and obesity in a multiethnic population. 2006; 14717-26
   Google Scholar
• Tucker LA, Thomas KS. Increasing total fibre intake reduces risk of weight and fat gains in women. 2009; 139576-81
   Google Scholar
• Howarth NC, Saltzman E, Roberts SB. Dietary fibre and weight regulation. 2001; 59129-39
   Google Scholar
• Slavin J, Green H. Dietary fibre and satiety. 2007; 3232-42
   Google Scholar
• Willis HJ, Eldridge AL, Beiseigel J, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Greater satiety response with resistant starch and corn bran in human subjects. 2009; 29100-5
   Google Scholar
• Huda MS, Wilding JP, Pinkney JH. Gut peptides and the regulation of appetite. 2006; 7163-82
   Google Scholar
• Kojima M, Kangawa K. Structure and function of ghrelin. 2008; 4689-115
   Google Scholar
• Holst JJ. The physiology of glucagon-like peptide 1. 2007; 871409-39
   Google Scholar
• Neary MT, Batterham RL. Peptide YY: food for thought. 2009; 97616-9
   Google Scholar
• Essah PA, Levy JR, Sistrun SN, Kelly SM, Nestler JE. Effect of macronutrient composition on postprandial peptide YY levels. 2007; 924052-5
   Google Scholar
• Stock S, Leichner P, Wong AC, Ghatei MA, Kieffer TJ, Bloom SRet al.Ghrelin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and hunger responses to a mixed meal in anorexic, obese, and control female adolescents. 2005; 902161-8
   Google Scholar
• Kawakami Y. Noninvasive methods to monitor the production of hormone. 2001; 49562-5
   Google Scholar
• Samra RA, Anderson GH. Insoluble cereal fibre reduces appetite and short-term food intake and glycemic response to food consumed 75 min later by healthy men. 2007; 86972-9
   Google Scholar
• Freeland KR, Anderson GH, Wolever TM. Acute effects of dietary fibre and glycaemic carbohydrate on appetite and food intake in healthy males. 2008; 5258-64
   Google Scholar
• Anderson GH, Catherine NL, Woodend DM, Wolever TM. Inverse association between the effect of carbohydrates on blood glucose and subsequent short-term food intake in young men. 2002; 761023-30
   Google Scholar
• Flint A, Raben A, Blundell JE, Astrup A. Reproducibility, power and validity of visual analogue scales in assessment of appetite sensations in single test meal studies. 2000; 2438-48
   Google Scholar
• Mathern JR, Raatz SK, Thomas W, Slavin JL. Effect of fenugreek fibre on satiety, blood glucose and insulin response and energy intake in obese subjects. 2009; 231543-8
   Google Scholar
• Gustafsson K, Asp NG, Hagander B, Nyman M. Dose-response effects of boiled carrots and effects of carrots in lactic acid in mixed meals on glycaemic response and satiety. 1994; 48386-96
   Google Scholar
• Mattes RD. Effects of a combination fibre system on appetite and energy intake in overweight humans. 2007; 90705-11
   Google Scholar
• Hlebowicz J, Wickenberg J, Fahlstrom R, Bjorgell O, Almer LO, Darwiche G. Effect of commercial breakfast fibre cereals compared with corn flakes on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying and satiety in healthy subjects: A randomized blinded crossover trial. Nutr J 2007; 6: 22. http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-8-26.pdf [cited 10 April 2009].
   Google Scholar
• Peters HP, Boers HM, Haddeman E, Melnikov SM, Qvyjt F. No effect of added beta-glucan or of fructooligosaccharide on appetite or energy intake. 2009; 8958-63
   Google Scholar
• Chaudhri OB, Salem V, Murphy KG, Bloom SR. Gastrointestinal satiety signals. 2008; 70239-55
   Google Scholar
• Cummings DE, Overduin J. Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake. 2007; 11713-23
   Google Scholar
• Naslund E, Hellstrom PM. Appetite signaling: from gut peptides and enteric nerves to brain. 2007; 92256-62
   Google Scholar
• Wren AM, Bloom SR. Gut hormones and appetite control. 2007; 1322116-30
   Google Scholar
• Karhunen LJ, Juvonen KR, Huotari A, Purhonen AK, Herzig KH. Effect of protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre on gastrointestinal peptide release in humans. 2008; 14970-8
   Google Scholar
• Lomenick JP, Melguizo MS, Mitchell SL, Summar ML, Anderson JW. Effects of meals high in carbohydrate, protein, and fat on ghrelin and peptide YY secretion in prepubertal children. 2009; 944463-71
   Google Scholar
• Baynes KC, Dhillo WS, Bloom SR. Regulation of food intake by gastrointestinal hormones. 2006; 22626-31
   Google Scholar
• Callahan HS, Cummings DE, Pepe MS, Breen PA, Matthys CC, Weigle DS. Postprandial suppression of plasma ghrelin level is proportional to ingested caloric load but does not predict intermeal interval in humans. 2004; 891319-24
   Google Scholar
• le Roux CW, Patterson M, Vincent RP, Hunt C, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Postprandial plasma ghrelin is suppressed proportional to meal calorie content in normal-weight but not obese subjects. 2005; 901068-71
   Google Scholar
• Karhunen L , Flander S , Liukkonen KH , Lähteenmäki L , Valtanen S Jalkanen H, et al. Fibre effectively inhibits postprandial decrease in plasma ghrelin concentration. 2005; 6: 59 (Presented as a postor at the European Congress on Obesily, Athens, Greece).
   Google Scholar
• Mohlig M, Koebnick C, Weickert MO, Lueder W, Otto B, Steiniger Jet al.Arabinoxylan-enriched meal increases serum ghrelin levels in healthy humans. 2005; 37303-8
   Google Scholar
• Weickert MO, Spranger J, Holst JJ, Otto B, Koebnick C, Mohlig Met al.Wheat-fibre-induced changes of postprandial peptide YY and ghrelin responses are not associated with acute alterations of satiety. 2006; 96795-8
   Google Scholar
• Juvonen KR, Purhonen AK, Salmenkallio-Marttila M, Lahteenmaki L, Laaksonen DE, Herzig KHet al.Viscosity of oat bran-enriched beverages influences gastrointestinal hormonal responses in healthy humans. 2009; 139461-6
   Google Scholar
• Hoad CL, Rayment P, Spiller RC, Marciani L, Alonso Bde C, Traynor Cet al.In vivo imaging of intragastric gelation and its effect on satiety in humans. 2004; 1342293-300
   Google Scholar
• Naslund E, Barkeling B, King N, Gutniak M, Blundell JE, Holst JJet al.Energy intake and appetite are suppressed by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in obese men. 1999; 23304-11
   Google Scholar
• Verdich C, Flint A, Gutzwiller JP, Naslund E, Beglinger C, Hellstrom PMet al.A meta-analysis of the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36) amide on ad libitum energy intake in humans. 2001; 864382-9
   Google Scholar
• Miholic J, Hoffmann M, Holst JJ, Lenglinger J, Mittlbock M, Bergmann Het al.Gastric emptying of glucose solution and associated plasma concentrations of GLP-1, GIP, and PYY before and after fundoplication. 2007; 21309-14
   Google Scholar
• Flint A, Raben A, Ersboll AK, Holst JJ, Astrup A. The effect of physiological levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 on appetite, gastric emptying, energy and substrate metabolism in obesity. 2001; 25781-92
   Google Scholar
• Naslund E, Bogefors J, Skogar S, Gryback P, Jacobsson H, Holst JJet al.GLP-1 slows solid gastric emptying and inhibits insulin, glucagon, and PYY release in humans. 1999; 277R910-6
   Google Scholar
• Sloth B, Holst JJ, Flint A, Gregersen NT, Astrup A. Effects of PYY1–36 and PYY3–36 on appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, glucose and fat metabolism in obese and lean subjects. 2007; 292E1062-8
   Google Scholar
• Degen L, Oesch S, Casanova M, Graf S, Ketterer S, Drewe Jet al.Effect of peptide YY3–36 on food intake in humans. 2005; 1291430-6
   Google Scholar
• Batterham RL, Cohen MA, Ellis SM, Le Roux CW, Withers DJ, Frost GSet al.Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3–36. 2003; 349941-8
   Google Scholar
• Helou N, Obeid O, Azar ST, Hwalla N. Variation of postprandial PYY3–36 response following ingestion of differing macronutrient meals in obese females. 2008; 52188-95
   Google Scholar
• Rubio IG, Castro G, Zanini AC Medeiros-Neto G. Oral ingestion of a hydrolyzed gelatin meal in subjects with normal weight and in obese patients: Postprandial effect on circulating gut peptides, glucose and insulin. 2008; 1348-53
   Google Scholar