Changes in adolescents’ and parents’ intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables after 20 months: results from the HEIA study – a comprehensive, multi-component school-based randomized trial

References

• Kremers SP, de Bruijn GJ, Visscher TL, van Mechelen W, De Vries NK, Brug J. Environmental influences on energy balance-related behaviors: a dual-process view. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2006; 3: 9.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Horst K, Oenema A, Ferreira I, Wendel-Vos W, Giskes K, van Lenthe F, etal. A systematic review of environmental correlates of obesity-related dietary behaviors in youth. Health Educ Res. 2007; 22: 203–26.
   Google Scholar
• Must A, Barish EE, Bandini LG. Modifiable risk factors in relation to changes in BMI and fatness: what have we learned from prospective studies of school-aged children?. Int J Obes. 2009; 33: 705–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monasta L, Batty GD, Cattaneo A, Lutje V, Ronfani L, van Lenthe FJ, etal. Early-life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews. Obes Rev. 2010; 11: 695–708.
   Google Scholar
• de Vet E, de Ridder DT, de Wit JB. Environmental correlates of physical activity and dietary behaviours among young people: a systematic review of reviews. Obes Rev. 2011; 12: 130–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward-Lopez G, Kao J, Ritchie L. To what extent have sweetened beverages contributed to the obesity epidemic?. Public Health Nutr. 2011; 14: 499–509.
   Google Scholar
• Clabaugh K, Neuberger GB. Research evidence for reducing sugar sweetened beverages in children. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2011; 34: 119–30.
   Google Scholar
• Boeing H, Bechthold A, Bub A, Ellinger S, Haller D, Kroke A, etal. Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases. Eur J Nutr. 2012; 51: 637–63.
   Google Scholar
• Newby PK. Plant foods and plant-based diets: protective against childhood obesity?. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009; 89: 1572–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alinia S, Hels O, Tetens I. The potential association between fruit intake and body weight – a review. Obes Rev. 2009; 10: 639–47.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen LF, Overby N, Lillegaard IT. Intake of fruit and vegetables among Norwegian children and adolescents [In Norwegian]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2004; 124: 1396–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Bere E, Klepp KI. Correlates of fruit and vegetable intake among Norwegian schoolchildren: parental and self-reports. Public Health Nutr. 2004; 7: 991–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Yngve A, Wolf A, Poortvliet E, Elmadfa I, Brug J, Ehrenblad B, etal. Fruit and vegetable intake in a sample of 11-year-old children in 9 European countries: the Pro Children Cross-sectional Survey. Ann Nutr Metab. 2005; 49: 236–45.
   Google Scholar
• Bjelland M, Lien N, Grydeland M, Bergh IH, Anderssen SA, Ommundsen Y, etal. Intakes and perceived home availability of sugar-sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetables as reported by mothers, fathers and adolescents in the HEIA (HEalth In Adolescents) study. Public Health Nutr. 2011; 14: 2156–65.
   Google Scholar
• Hilsen M, van Stralen MM, Klepp KI, Bere E. Changes in 10–12 year old's fruit and vegetable intake in Norway from 2001 to 2008 in relation to gender and socioeconomic status – a comparison of two cross-sectional groups. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 8: 108.
   Google Scholar
• Overby NC, Lillegaard IT, Johansson L, Andersen LF. High intake of added sugar among Norwegian children and adolescents. Public Health Nutr. 2004; 7: 285–93.
   Google Scholar
• Stea TH, Overby NC, Klepp KI, Bere E. Changes in beverage consumption in Norwegian children from 2001 to 2008. Public Health Nutr. 2012; 15: 379–85.
   Google Scholar
• Kremers SP, de Bruijn GJ, Droomers M, van Lenthe F, Brug J. Moderators of environmental intervention effects on diet and activity in youth. Am J Prev Med. 2007; 32: 163–72.
   Google Scholar
• Yildirim M, van Stralen MM, Chinapaw MJ, Brug J, van Mechelen W, Twisk JW, etal. For whom and under what circumstances do school-based energy balance behavior interventions work? Systematic review on moderators. Int J Pediat Obes. 2011; 6: 46–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson MD, Chen E. Socioeconomic status and health behaviors in adolescence: a review of the literature. J Behav Med. 2007; 30: 263–85.
   Google Scholar
• Bere E, van Lenthe F, Klepp KI, Brug J. Why do parents’ education level and income affect the amount of fruits and vegetables adolescents eat?. Eur J Public Health. 2008; 18: 611–15.
   Google Scholar
• Evans CEL, Christian MS, Cleghorn CL, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of school-based interventions to improve daily fruit and vegetable intake in children aged 5 to 12 years. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012; 96: 889–901.
   Google Scholar
• Delgado-Noguera M, Tort S, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Bonfill X. Primary school interventions to promote fruit and vegetable consumption: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2011; 53: 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• James J, Thomas P, Cavan D, Kerr D. Preventing childhood obesity by reducing consumption of carbonated drinks: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2004; 328: 1237.
   Google Scholar
• Ebbeling CB, Feldman HA, Osganian SK, Chomitz VR, Ellenbogen SJ, Ludwig DS. Effects of decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on body weight in adolescents: a randomized, controlled pilot study. Pediatrics. 2006; 117: 673–80.
   Google Scholar
• Haerens L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Maes L, Vereecken C, Brug J, Deforche B. The effects of a middle-school healthy eating intervention on adolescents’ fat and fruit intake and soft drinks consumption. Public Health Nutr. 2007; 10: 443–9.
   Google Scholar
• Singh AS, Chin A, Paw MJ, Brug J, van Mechelen W. Dutch obesity intervention in teenagers: effectiveness of a school-based program on body composition and behavior. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009; 163: 309–17.
   Google Scholar
• Sichieri R, Paula TA, de Souza RA, Veiga GV. School randomised trial on prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas. Public Health Nutr. 2009; 12: 197–202.
   Google Scholar
• Ezendam NP, Brug J, Oenema A. Evaluation of the web-based computer-tailored FATaintPHAT intervention to promote energy balance among adolescents: results from a school cluster randomized trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2012; 166: 248–55.
   Google Scholar
• Te Velde SJ, Wind M, Perez-Rodrigo C, Klepp KI, Brug J. Mothers’ involvement in a school-based fruit and vegetable promotion intervention is associated with increased fruit and vegetable intakes – The Pro Children study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2008; 5: 48.
   Google Scholar
• Thackeray R. Comparison of a 5-a-day social marketing intervention and school-based curriculum. Am J Health Stud. 2002; 18: 46–54.
   Google Scholar
• Reynolds KD, Franklin FA, Binkley D, Raczynski JM, Harrington KF, Kirk KA, etal. Increasing the fruit and vegetable consumption of fourth-graders: results from the high 5 project. Prev Med. 2000; 30: 309–19.
   Google Scholar
• Brown T, Summerbell C. Systematic review of school-based interventions that focus on changing dietary intake and physical activity levels to prevent childhood obesity: an update to the obesity guidance produced by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Obes Rev. 2009; 10: 110–41.
   Google Scholar
• De Bourdeaudhuij I, van Cauwenberghe E, Spittaels H, Oppert JM, Rostami C, Brug J, etal. School-based interventions promoting both physical activity and healthy eating in Europe: a systematic review within the HOPE project. Obes Rev. 2011; 12: 205–16.
   Google Scholar
• Lien N, Bjelland M, Bergh I, Grydeland M, Anderssen S, Ommundsen Y, etal. Design of a two year comprehensive, multi-component school-based intervention to promote healthy weight development among 11–13 year olds: the HEIA-study. Scand J Public Health. 2010; 38: 38–51.
   Google Scholar
• Grydeland M, Bjelland M, Anderssen SA, Klepp KI, Bergh IH, Andersen LF, etal. Effects of a 20-month cluster randomised controlled school-based intervention trial on BMI of school-aged boys and girls: the HEIA study. Br J Sports Med. 2014; 48: 768–73.
   Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ. 2000; 320: 1240–3.
   Google Scholar
• Bjelland M, Lien N, Bergh IH, Grydeland M, Anderssen SA, Klepp KI, etal. Overweight and waist circumference among Norwegian 11-year-olds and associations with reported parental overweight and waist circumference: The HEIA study. Scand J Public Health. 2010; 38: 19–27.
   Google Scholar
• D'Alonzo KT. The Johnson-Neyman procedure as an alternative to ANCOVA. West J Nurs Res. 2004; 26: 804–12.
   Google Scholar
• Huitema BE. The analysis of covariance and alternatives: statistical methods for experiments, quasi-experiments, and single-case studies. 2011; New Jersey: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Chu YL, Farmer A, Fung C, Kuhle S, Veugelers P. Fruit and vegetable preferences and intake among children in Alberta. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2013; 74: 21–7.
   Google Scholar
• Bere E, Veierod MB, Klepp KI. The Norwegian School Fruit Programme: evaluating paid vs. no-cost subscriptions. Prev Med. 2005; 41: 463–70.
   Google Scholar
• Makela J, Kjaernes U, Pipping Ekstrom M, L'Orange Furst E, Gronow J, Holm L. Nordic meals: methodological notes on a comparative survey. Appetite. 1999; 32: 73–9.
   Google Scholar
• Andersen LF, Bere E, Kolbjornsen N, Klepp KI. Validity and reproducibility of self-reported intake of fruit and vegetable among 6th graders. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004; 58: 771–7.
   Google Scholar
• Campbell KJ, Abbott G, Spence AC, Crawford DA, McNaughton SA, Ball K. Home food availability mediates associations between mothers’ nutrition knowledge and child diet. Appetite. 2013; 71: 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Vereecken C, Maes L. Young children's dietary habits and associations with the mothers’ nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Appetite. 2010; 54: 44–51.
   Google Scholar
• McLeod ER, Campbell KJ, Hesketh KD. Nutrition knowledge: a mediator between socioeconomic position and diet quality in Australian first-time mothers. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111: 696–704.
   Google Scholar
• Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski DA. Model of the home food environment pertaining to childhood obesity. Nutr Rev. 2008; 66: 123–40.
   Google Scholar
• Wardle J, Parmenter K, Waller J. Nutrition knowledge and food intake. Appetite. 2000; 34: 269–75.
   Google Scholar
• Pirouznia M. The association between nutrition knowledge and eating behavior in male and female adolescents in the US. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2001; 52: 127–32.
   Google Scholar
• Parmenter K, Waller J, Wardle J. Demographic variation in nutrition knowledge in England. Health Educ Res. 2000; 15: 163–74.
   Google Scholar
• Petticrew M, Tugwell P, Kristjansson E, Oliver S, Ueffing E, Welch V. Damned if you do, damned if you don't: subgroup analysis and equity. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012; 66: 95–8.
   Google Scholar
• Bjelland M, Bergh IH, Grydeland M, Klepp KI, Andersen LF, Anderssen SA, etal. Changes in adolescents’ intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and sedentary behaviour: results at 8 month mid-way assessment of the HEIA study – a comprehensive, multi-component school-based randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011; 8: 63.
   Google Scholar
• Bergh IH, Bjelland M, Grydeland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, Klepp KI, etal. Mid-way and post-intervention effects on potential determinants of physical activity and sedentary behavior, results of the HEIA study – a multi-component school-based randomized trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2012; 9: 63.
   Google Scholar
• Grydeland M, Bergh IH, Bjelland M, Lien N, Andersen LF, Ommundsen Y, etal. Intervention effects on physical activity: the HEIA study – a cluster randomized controlled trial. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2013; 10: 17.
   Google Scholar
• Ringold DJ. Boomerang effects in response to public health interventions: some unintended consequences in the alcoholic beverage market. J Consum Policy. 2002; 25: 27–63.
   Google Scholar
• Bushman BJ. Effects of warning and information labels on consumption of full-fat, reduced-fat, and no-fat products. J Appl Psychol. 1998; 83: 97–101.
   Google Scholar
• Greenberg BS. On relating attitude change and information gain. J Commun. 1964; 14: 157–71.
   Google Scholar
• Harnack L, Himes JH, Anliker J, Clay T, Gittelsohn J, Jobe JB, etal. Intervention-related bias in reporting of food intake by fifth-grade children participating in an obesity prevention study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 160: 1117–21.
   Google Scholar
• Øverby NC, Andersen LF. Ungkost 2000: a national representative dietary survey among Norwegian children and adolescents [In Norwegian]. 2000; Oslo: The Norwegian Directorate of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Klesges LM, Baranowski T, Beech B, Cullen K, Murray DM, Rochon J, etal. Social desirability bias in self-reported dietary, physical activity and weight concerns measures in 8- to 10-year-old African-American girls: results from the Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies (GEMS). Prev Med. 2004; 38: 78–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar