1,157
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Effects of dietary tryptophan and phenylalanine–tyrosine depletion on phasic alertness in healthy adults – A pilot study

, , , , , , , & show all
Article: 26407 | Received 23 Oct 2014, Accepted 24 Mar 2015, Published online: 29 Apr 2015

References

  • Biskup CS, Sanchez CL, Arrant A, Van Swearingen AE, Kuhn C, Zepf FD. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on brain serotonin function and concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ mice. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e35916. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Demisch L, Kewitz A, Schmeck K, Sadigorsky S, Barta S, Dierks T, etal. Methodology of rapid tryptophan depletion (RTD): impact of gender and body weight. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002; 252: I/25.
  • Dingerkus VL, Gaber TJ, Helmbold K, Bubenzer S, Eisert A, Sanchez CL, etal. Acute tryptophan depletion in accordance with body weight: influx of amino acids across the blood–brain barrier. J Neural Transm. 2012; 119: 1037–45. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Gessa GL, Biggio G, Fadda F, Corsini GU, Tagliamonte A. Effect of the oral administration of tryptophan-free amino acid mixtures on serum tryptophan, brain tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. J Neurochem. 1974; 22: 869–70. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Harmer CJ, McTavish SF, Clark L, Goodwin GM, Cowen PJ. Tyrosine depletion attenuates dopamine function in healthy volunteers. Psychopharmacology. 2001; 154: 105–11. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Leyton M, Young SN, Pihl RO, Etezadi S, Lauze C, Blier P, etal. A comparison of the effects of acute tryptophan depletion and acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion in healthy women. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999; 467: 67–71. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Mehta MA, Gumaste D, Montgomery AJ, McTavish SF, Grasby PM. The effects of acute tyrosine and phenylalanine depletion on spatial working memory and planning in healthy volunteers are predicted by changes in striatal dopamine levels. Psychopharmacology. 2005; 180: 654–63. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Moja EA, Stoff DM, Gessa GL, Castoldi D, Assereto R, Tofanetti O. Decrease in plasma tryptophan after tryptophan-free amino acid mixtures in man. Life Sci. 1988; 42: 1551–6. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Reilly JG, McTavish SF, Young AH. Rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan: a review of studies and experimental methodology. J Psychopharmacol. 1997; 11: 381–92. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Scholes KE, Harrison BJ, O'Neill BV, Leung S, Croft RJ, Pipingas A, etal. Acute serotonin and dopamine depletion improves attentional control: findings from the stroop task. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007; 32: 1600–10. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Zepf FD, Holtmann M, Stadler C, Magnus S, Wockel L, Poustka F. Diminished central nervous 5-HT neurotransmission and mood self-ratings in children and adolescents with ADHD: no clear effect of rapid tryptophan depletion. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2009; 24: 87–94. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Zepf FD, Landgraf M, Biskup CS, Dahmen B, Poustka F, Wockel L, etal. No effect of acute tryptophan depletion on verbal declarative memory in young persons with ADHD. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013; 128: 133–41. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Petersen SE, Posner MI. The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2012; 35: 73–89. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Cowan N. Evolving conceptions of memory storage, selective attention, and their mutual constraints within the human information-processing system. Psychol Bull. 1988; 104: 163–91. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Posner MI, Petersen SE. The attention system of the human brain. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1990; 13: 25–42. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Duncan J. The locus of interference in the perception of simultaneous stimuli. Psychol Rev. 1980; 87: 272–300. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Posner MI, Boies SJ. Components of attention. Psychol Rev. 1971; 78: 391–408.
  • Perin B, Godefroy O, Fall S, de Marco G. Alertness in young healthy subjects: an fMRI study of brain region interactivity enhanced by a warning signal. Brain Cogn. 2010; 72: 271–81. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Bush G, Luu P, Posner MI. Cognitive and emotional influences in anterior cingulate cortex. Trends Cogn Sci. 2000; 4: 215–22. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Bush G, Frazier JA, Rauch SL, Seidman LJ, Whalen PJ, Jenike MA, etal. Anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder revealed by fMRI and the Counting Stroop. Biol Psychiatry. 1999; 45: 1542–52. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Sturm W, Willmes K. On the functional neuroanatomy of intrinsic and phasic alertness. Neuroimage. 2001; 14: S76–84. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Fan J, Fossella J, Sommer T, Wu Y, Posner MI. Mapping the genetic variation of executive attention onto brain activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003; 100: 7406–11. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Winterer G, Weinberger DR. Genes, dopamine and cortical signal-to-noise ratio in schizophrenia. Trends Neurosci. 2004; 27: 683–90. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Kroener S, Chandler LJ, Phillips PE, Seamans JK. Dopamine modulates persistent synaptic activity and enhances the signal-to-noise ratio in the prefrontal cortex. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e6507. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Robbins TW. Chemical neuromodulation of frontal-executive functions in humans and other animals. Exp Brain Res. 2000; 133: 130–8. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Green AE, Munafo MR, DeYoung CG, Fossella JA, Fan J, Gray JR. Using genetic data in cognitive neuroscience: from growing pains to genuine insights. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2008; 9: 710–20. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Mendelsohn D, Riedel WJ, Sambeth A. Effects of acute tryptophan depletion on memory, attention and executive functions: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009; 33: 926–52. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Schmitt JA, Jorissen BL, Sobczak S, van Boxtel MP, Hogervorst E, Deutz NE, etal. Tryptophan depletion impairs memory consolidation but improves focussed attention in healthy young volunteers. J Psychopharmacol. 2000; 14: 21–9. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Zepf FD, Gaber TJ, Baurmann D, Bubenzer S, Konrad K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, etal. Serotonergic neurotransmission and lapses of attention in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: availability of tryptophan influences attentional performance. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010; 13: 933–41. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Robbins TW. Arousal systems and attentional processes. Biol Psychol. 1997; 45: 57–71. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Nieoullon A. Dopamine and the regulation of cognition and attention. Prog Neurobiol. 2002; 67: 53–83. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Zepf FD. Untersuchung zentralnervöser serotonerger Funktionen mit Hilfe des »Rapid Tryptophan Depletion-Test« (RTD) bei männlichen Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Aufmerksamkeits-Defizit/Hyperaktivitäts Syndrom (ADHS). 2008; Germany: Tectum Verlag Marburg. 150.
  • Kotting WF, Bubenzer S, Helmbold K, Eisert A, Gaber TJ, Zepf FD. Effects of tryptophan depletion on reactive aggression and aggressive decision-making in young people with ADHD. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2013; 128: 114–23. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Zepf FD, Stadler C, Demisch L, Schmitt M, Landgraf M, Poustka F. Serotonergic functioning and trait-impulsivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disordered boys (ADHD): influence of rapid tryptophan depletion. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2008; 23: 43–51. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Sanchez CL, Van Swearingen AE, Arrant AE, Kuhn CM, Zepf FD. Dietary manipulation of serotonergic and dopaminergic function in C57BL/6J mice with amino acid depletion mixtures. J Neural Transm. 2014; 121: 153–62. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Markus CR. Dietary amino acids and brain serotonin function; implications for stress-related affective changes. Neuromol Med. 2008; 10: 247–58.
  • Carlsson A, Lindqvist M. Dependence of 5-HT and catecholamine synthesis on concentrations of precursor amino-acids in rat brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1978; 303: 157–64. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Jakeman PM. Amino acid metabolism, branched-chain amino acid feeding and brain monoamine function. Proc Nutr Soc. 1998; 57: 35–41. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Dalbert C. Young adults’ subjective well-being: theoretical and empirical analyses of its structure and stability. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie. 1992; 13: 207–20.
  • Zimmermann PF. Bruno. Testbatterie zur Aufmerksamkeitsprüfung: (TAP). Version 1.72002.
  • Cohen JD. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988; Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 2nd ed.
  • Ruhe HG, Mason NS, Schene AH. Mood is indirectly related to serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine levels in humans: a meta-analysis of monoamine depletion studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2007; 12: 331–59. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Roiser JP, Blackwell AD, Cools R, Clark L, Rubinsztein DC, Robbins TW, etal. Serotonin transporter polymorphism mediates vulnerability to loss of incentive motivation following acute tryptophan depletion. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006; 31: 2264–72. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
  • Rocha BA, Scearce-Levie K, Lucas JJ, Hiroi N, Castanon N, Crabbe JC, etal. Increased vulnerability to cocaine in mice lacking the serotonin-1B receptor. Nature. 1998; 393: 175–8. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Booij L, Van der Does AJ, Riedel WJ. Monoamine depletion in psychiatric and healthy populations: review. Mol Psychiatry. 2003; 8: 951–73. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Robbins TW. Chemistry of the mind: neurochemical modulation of prefrontal cortical function. J Comp Neurol. 2005; 493: 140–6. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Mehta MA, Owen AM, Sahakian BJ, Mavaddat N, Pickard JD, Robbins TW. Methylphenidate enhances working memory by modulating discrete frontal and parietal lobe regions in the human brain. J Neurosci. 2000; 20: RC65. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Goldman-Rakic PS. The prefrontal landscape: implications of functional architecture for understanding human mentation and the central executive. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1996; 351: 1445–53. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Harrison AA, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Central 5-HT depletion enhances impulsive responding without affecting the accuracy of attentional performance: interactions with dopaminergic mechanisms. Psychopharmacology. 1997; 133: 329–42. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Evans J, Platts H, Lightman S, Nutt D. Impulsiveness and the prolactin response to d-fenfluramine. Psychopharmacology. 2000; 149: 147–52. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Fernstrom JD, Wurtman RJ, Hammarstrom-Wiklund B, Rand WM, Munro HN, Davidson CS. Diurnal variations in plasma concentrations of tryptophan, tryosine, and other neutral amino acids: effect of dietary protein intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1979; 32: 1912–22. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Granon S, Passetti F, Thomas KL, Dalley JW, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW. Enhanced and impaired attentional performance after infusion of D1 dopaminergic receptor agents into rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci. 2000; 20: 1208–15. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Ahveninen J, Kahkonen S, Pennanen S, Liesivuori J, Ilmoniemi RJ, Jaaskelainen IP. Tryptophan depletion effects on EEG and MEG responses suggest serotonergic modulation of auditory involuntary attention in humans. Neuroimage. 2002; 16: 1052–61. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Luciana M, Burgund ED, Berman M, Hanson KL. Effects of tryptophan loading on verbal, spatial and affective working memory functions in healthy adults. J Psychopharmacol. 2001; 15: 219–30. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Bjork JM, Dougherty DM, Moeller FG, Cherek DR, Swann AC. The effects of tryptophan depletion and loading on laboratory aggression in men: time course and a food-restricted control. Psychopharmacology. 1999; 142: 24–30. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Glass JD, Selim M, Srkalovic G, Rea MA. Tryptophan loading modulates light-induced responses in the mammalian circadian system. J Biol Rhythms. 1995; 10: 80–90. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Helmbold K, Bubenzer S, Dahmen B, Eisert A, Gaber TJ, Habel U, etal. Influence of acute tryptophan depletion on verbal declarative episodic memory in young adult females. Amino Acids. 2013; 45: 1207–19. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Biskup CS, Gaber TJ, Helmbold K, Bubenzer-Busch S, Zepf FD. Amino acid challenge and depletion techniques in human functional neuroimaging studies: an overview. Amino Acids. 2015; 47: 651–83. [PubMed Abstract].
  • Helmbold K, Zvyagintsev M, Dahmen B, Bubenzer-Busch S, Gaber TJ, Crockett MJ. Effects of serotonin depletion on punishment processing in the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices of healthy women. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2015; pii: S0924-977X(15)00040-1. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.02.007..