Trends of blood pressure levels and management in Västerbotten County, Sweden, during 1990–2010

References

• Kearney PM, Whelton M, Reynolds K, Muntner P, Whelton PK, He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. Lancet. 2005; 365: 217–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO Global NCD Infobase. 2012; Available from: http://www.who.int/ncd_surveillance/infobase/en/ [cited 10 January 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Antikainen RL, Moltchanov VA, Chukwuma CSr., Kuulasmaa KA, Marques-Vidal PM, Sans S, et al.. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension: the WHO MONICA Project. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006; 13: 13–29. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eriksson M, Holmgren L, Janlert U, Jansson JH, Lundblad D, Stegmayr B, et al.. Large improvements in major cardiovascular risk factors in the population of northern Sweden: the MONICA study 1986–2009. J Intern Med. 2011; 269: 219–31. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson J-H, Boman K, Messner T. Trends in blood pressure, lipids, lipoproteins and glucose metabolism in the Northern Sweden MONICA project 1986–99. Scand J Public Health. 2003; 31(Suppl 61): 43–50. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988–2000. JAMA. 2003; 290: 199–206. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pereira M, Lunet N, Azevedo A, Barros H. Differences in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between developing and developed countries. J Hypertens. 2009; 27: 963–75. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weinehall L, Ohgren B, Persson M, Stegmayr B, Boman K, Hallmans G, et al.. High remaining risk in poorly treated hypertension: the‘rule of halves’ still exists. J Hypertens. 2002; 20: 2081–8. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friel S, Marmot MG. Action on the social determinants of health and health inequities goes global. Annu Rev Public Health. 2011; 32: 225–36. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loucks EB, Abrahamowicz M, Xiao Y, Lynch JW. Associations of education with 30-year life course blood pressure trajectories: Framingham Offspring Study. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 139.10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Grotto I, Huerta M, Sharabi Y. Hypertension and socioeconomic status. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2008; 23: 335–9. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minor D, Wofford M, Wyatt SB. Does socioeconomic status affect blood pressure goal achievement?. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2008; 10: 390–7. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prince MJ, Ebrahim S, Acosta D, Ferri CP, Guerra M, Huang Y, et al.. Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among older people in Latin America, India and China: a 10/66 cross-sectional population-based survey. J Hypertens. 2012; 30: 177–87. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loucks EB, Lynch JW, Pilote L, Fuhrer R, Almeida ND, Richard H, et al.. Life-course socioeconomic position and incidence of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Offspring Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009; 169: 829–36. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. International Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines Sub-Committee. Blood Press Suppl. 1999; 1: 9–43.
   Google Scholar
• Norberg M, Wall S, Boman K, Weinehall L. The Västerbotten Intervention Programme: background, design and implications. Glob Health Action. 2010; 3. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Norberg M, Lindvall K, Stenlund H, Lindahl B. The obesity epidemic slows among the middle-aged population in Sweden while the socioeconomic gap widens. Glob Health Action. 2010; 3. DOI:10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Norberg M, Lundqvist G, Nilsson M, Gilljam H, Weinehall L. Changing patterns of tobacco use in a middle-aged population: the role of snus, gender, age, and education. Glob Health Action. 2011; 4. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Lindahl B, Stenlund H,Norberg M. Increasing glucose concentrations and prevalence of diabetes mellitus in northern Sweden, 1990–2007. Glob Health Action. 2010; 3. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Ng N, Soderman K, Norberg M, Ohman A. Increasing physical activity, but persisting social gaps among middle-aged people: trends in Northern Sweden from 1990 to 2007. Glob Health Action. 2011; 4. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Wilhelmsen L, Welin L, Svardsudd K, Wedel H, Eriksson H, Hansson PO, et al.. Secular changes in cardiovascular risk factors and attack rate of myocardial infarction among men aged 50 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Accurate prediction using risk models. J Intern Med. 2008; 263: 636–43. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Vartiainen E, Laatikainen T, Peltonen M, Juolevi A, Mannisto S, Sundvall J, et al.. Thirty-five-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in Finland. Int J Epidemiol. 2010; 39: 504–18. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen UO, Jensen GB. Trends and determinant factors for population blood pressure with 25 years of follow-up: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010; 17: 655–9. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Unal B, Critchley JA, Capewell S. Modelling the decline in coronary heart disease deaths in England and Wales, 1981–2000: comparing contributions from primary prevention and secondary prevention. BMJ. 2005; 331: 614.10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanjilal S, Gregg EW, Cheng YJ, Zhang P, Nelson DE, Mensah G, et al.. Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971–2002. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166: 2348–55. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Guptha S, Gupta VP, Agrawal A, Gaur K, Deedwania PC. Twenty-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors in India and influence of educational status. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2011. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Rautio A, Eliasson M, Stegmayr B. Favorable trends in the incidence and outcome in stroke in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA Stroke Registry in 1985 to 2003. Stroke. 2008; 39: 3137–44. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Lundblad D, Holmgren L, Jansson JH, Naslund U, Eliasson M. Gender differences in trends of acute myocardial infarction events: the Northern Sweden MONICA study 1985–2004. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2008; 8: 17.10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Carlberg B, Nilsson PM. Hypertension in the elderly: what is the goal blood pressure target and how can this be attained?. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010; 12: 331–4. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Falaschetti E, Chaudhury M, Mindell J, Poulter N. Continued improvement in hypertension management in England: results from the health survey for England 2006. Hypertension. 2009; 53: 480–6. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antikainen RL, Kastarinen MJ, Jousilahti P, Peltonen M, Laatikainen T, Beckett N, et al.. Despite evidence-based guidelines, systolic blood pressure remains inadequately controlled in older hypertensive adults. J Human Hypertens. 2010; 24: 439–46. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedblad B, Nerbrand C, Ekesbo R, Johansson L, Midlov P, Brunkstedt I, et al.. High blood pressure despite treatment: results from a cross-sectional primary healthcare-based study in southern Sweden. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2006; 24: 224–30. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnell K, Rastam L, Lithman T, Sundquist J, Merlo J. Low adherence with antihypertensives in actual practice: the association with social participation – a multilevel analysis. BMC Public Health. 2005; 5: 17.10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   Google Scholar
• Nicotra F, Wettermark B, Sturkenboom MC, Parodi A, Bellocco R, Ekbom A, et al.. Management of antihypertensive drugs in three European countries. J Hypertens. 2009; 27: 1917–22. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Elliott WJ. Improving outcomes in hypertensive patients: focus on adherence and persistence with antihypertensive therapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2009; 11: 376–82. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. Arch Intern Med. 1997; 157: 2413–46. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suri MF, Qureshi AI. Prehypertension as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2006; 21: 478–82.; quiz83–4. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mainous AG3rd ,Everett CJ, Liszka H, King DE, Egan BM. Prehypertension and mortality in a nationally representative cohort. Am J Cardiol. 2004; 94: 1496–500. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gu Q, Burt VL, Paulose-Ram R, Yoon S, Gillum RF. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease mortality risk among U.S. adults: the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality follow-up study. Ann Epidemiol. 2008; 18: 302–9. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JLJr, et al.. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003; 289: 2560–72. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose G. Sick individuals and sick populations. Int J Epidemiol. 2001; 30: 427–32. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beaglehole R, Bonita R, Horton R, Adams C, Alleyne G, Asaria P, et al.. Priority actions for the non-communicable disease crisis. Lancet. 2011; 377: 1438–47. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Irwin A, Valentine N, Brown C, Loewenson R, Solar O, Brown H, et al.. The commission on social determinants of health: tackling the social roots of health inequities. PLoS Med. 2006; 3: e106.10.3402/gha.v5i0.18195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar