The effect of distance to formal health facility on childhood mortality in rural Tanzania, 2005–2007

References

• Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al.. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375: 1969–87. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You D, Wardlaw T, Salama P, Jones G. Levels and trends in under-5 mortality, 1990–2008. Lancet. 2010; 375: 100–3. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pison G, Trape JF, Lefebvre M, Enel C. Rapid decline in child mortality in a rural area of Senegal. Int J Epidemiol. 1993; 22: 72–80. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delaunay V, Etard J-F, Préziosi M-P, Marra A, Simondon F. Decline of infant and child mortality rates in rural Senegal over a 37-year period (1963–1999). Int J Epidemiol. 2001; 30: 1286–93. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoeps A, Gabrysch S, Niamba L, Sié A, Becher H. The effect of distance to health-care facilities on childhood mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Am J Epidemiol. 2011; 173: 492–8. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masanja H, de Savigny D, Smithson P, Schellenberg J, John T, Mbuya C, et al.. Child survival gains in Tanzania: analysis of data from demographic and health surveys. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1276–83. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bryce J, Victora C, Habicht J, Black R, Scherpbier R, Advisors tM-IT. Programmatic pathways to child survival: results of a multi-country evaluation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Health Policy Plan. 2005; 20(Suppl 1): i5–i17. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penchansky R, Thomas JW. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Med Care. 1981; 19: 127–40. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muller I, Smith T, Mellor S, Rare L, Genton B. The effect of distance from home on attendance at a small rural health centre in Papua New Guinea. Int J Epidemiol. 1998; 27: 878–84. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanser F, Gijsbertsen B, Herbst K. Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa: an exploration using a geographical information system. Soc Sci Med. 2006; 63: 691–705. DOI: 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too far to walk – maternal mortality in context. Soc Sci Med. 1994; 38: 1091–110. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapungwe A. Quality of child health care and under-five-mortality in Zambia: a case study of two districts in Luapula Province. Demogr Res. 2005; 12: 12.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Becher H, Muller O, Jahn A, Gbangou A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyate B. Risk factors of infant and child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ. 2004; 82: 265–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katende C. 2003;9(1).
   Google Scholar
• Armstrong Schellenberg J, Mrisho M, Manzi F, Shirima K, Mbuya C, Mushi A, et al.. Health and survival of young children in southern Tanzania. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 194.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Masuma M, Bangser M. Poor people's experiences of health services in Tanzania. Women's Dignity Project. Dar es Salaam Tanzania, 2009
   Google Scholar
• Dummer T, Parker L. Hospital accessibility and infant death risk. Arch Dis Child. 2004; 89: 232.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman DC, Fisher E, Stukel TA, Chang C. The distance to community medical care and the likelihood of hospitalization: is closer always better?. Am J Public Health. 1997; 87: 1144.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marchant T, Schellenberg JA, Nathan R, Abdulla S, Mukasa O, Mshinda H, et al.. Anaemia in pregnancy and infant mortality in Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health. 2004; 9: 262–6. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schellenberg A, Oscar M, Salim A, Tanya M, Christian L, Nassor K, et al.. Ifakara DSS, Tanzania. Population and health in developing countries. 2002, p. 154–64.
   Google Scholar
• StataCorp. Statistical Software Release. 10.0 In: Release 10 ED ed. College Station TX: STATA Corporation. 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Hammer GP, Kouyaté B, Ramroth H, Becher H. Risk factors for childhood mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: a comparison of data from a demographic and health survey and from a demographic surveillance system. Acta Trop. 2006; 98: 212–8. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankenberg E. Infant and early childhood mortality in Indonesia: the impact of access to health facilities and other community characteristics on mortality risks. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia PA, 1992
   Google Scholar
• Apparicio P, Abdelmajid M, Riva M, Shearmur R. Comparing alternative approaches to measuring the geographical accessibility of urban health services: distance types and aggregation-error issues. Int J Health Geogr. 2008; 7: 7.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brabyn L, Skelly C. Modeling population access to New Zealand public hospitals. Int J Health Geogr. 2002; 1: 3.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lawn JE, Cousens S, Darmstadt GL, Paul V, Martines J. Why are 4 million newborn babies dying every year?. Lancet. 2004; 364: 2020.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why?. Lancet. 2005; 365: 891–900. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mturi AJ, Curtis SL. The determinants of infant and child mortality in Tanzania. Health Policy Plan. 1995; 10: 384–94. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Binka FN, Maude GH, Gyapong M, Ross DA, Smith PG. Risk factors for child mortality in northern Ghana: a case-control study. Int J Epidemiol. 1995; 24: 127–35. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gemperli A, Vounatsou P, Kleinschmidt I, Bagayoko M, Lengeler C, Smith T. Spatial patterns of infant mortality in Mali: the effect of malaria endemicity. Am J Epidemiol. 2004; 159: 64.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vella V, Tomkins A, Nidku J, Marshall T. Determinants of child mortality in South-West Uganda. J Biosoc Sci. 1992; 24: 103–12. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar
• Quinn TC. Global burden of the HIV pandemic. Lancet. 1996; 348: 99–106. 10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Justesen A, Kunst A. Postneonatal and child mortality among twins in Southern and Eastern Africa. Int J Epidemiol. 2000; 29: 678.10.3402/gha.v5i0.19099.
   Google Scholar