Disadvantaged populations in maternal health in China who and why?

References

• UN (2011). Millennium Development Goals Report 2011. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• Lozano R , Wang H , Foreman KJ , Rajaratnam JK , Naghavi M , Marcus JR , etal. Progress towards Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5 on maternal and child mortality: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2011; 378: 1139–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group. Boerma JT , Bryce J , Kinfu Y , Axelson H , Victora CG , etal. Mind the gap: equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1259–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNICEF. Narrowing the gaps to meet the goals. Report. 2010; New York: UNICEF.
   Google Scholar
• Feng XL , Zhu J , Zhang L , Song L , Hipgrave D , Guo S , etal. Socio-economic disparities in maternal mortality in China between 1996 and 2006. BJOG. 2010; 117: 1527–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feng XL , Xu L , Guo Y , Ronsmansc C . Socioeconomic inequalities in hospital births in China between 1988 and 2008. Bull World Health Organ. 2011; 89: 432–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Global health obervatory data repository. 2011; Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• China Ministry of Health, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Joint review of maternal and child survival strategies in China. Report. 2006; Beijing: China. Ministry of Health; WHO; UNICEF, UNFPA.
   Google Scholar
• Liang J , Zhu J , Dai L , Li X , Li M , Wang Y . Maternal mortality in China, 1996–2005. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010; 110: 93–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu Z , Lei P , Hemminki E , Xu L , Tang S , Li X , etal. Changes and equity in use of maternal health care in China: from 1991 to 2003. Matern Child Health J. 2011; 16: 501–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li HB , Gu JM , Ding Y , Feng HY , Shen L , He Q . Review and analysis of the maternal and child health policy since reform and opening-up in China. Chinese J Health Pol. 2011; 4: 48–54.
   Google Scholar
• Du Q , Nass O , Bergsjo P , Kumar BN . Determinants for high maternal mortality in multiethnic populations in western China. Health Care Women Int. 2009; 30: 957–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Z . Utilisation of antenatal care in four counties in Ningxia, China. Midwifery. 2010; 27: e260–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng Z , Zhou Y , Zheng L , Yang Y , Zhao DX , Lou C , etal. Sexual behaviour and contraceptive use among unmarried, young women migrant workers in five cities in China. Reprod Health Matters. 2001; 9: 118–27.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao Q , Kulane A , Gao Y , Xu B . Knowledge and attitude on maternal health care among rural-to-urban migrant women in Shanghai, China. BMC Wom Health. 2009; 9: 5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhu L , Qin M , Du L , Jia W , Yang Q , Walker MC , etal. Comparison of maternal mortality between migrating population and permanent residents in Shanghai, China, 1996–2005. BJOG. 2009; 116: 401–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J , Xie Z , Liu H . Son preference, use of maternal health care, and infant mortality in rural China, 1989–2000. Popul Stud (Camb). 2007; 61: 161–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klemetti R , Regushevskaya E , Zhang WH , Wu Z , Yan H , Wang Y , etal. Unauthorised pregnancies and use of maternity care in rural China. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011; 16: 359–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen A . Why health equity?. Health Econ. 2002; 11: 659–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Solar O , Irwin A . A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social determinants of health discussion paper 2 (Policy and practice). 2010; Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 150085 2. 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Culyer A . Equity – some theory and its policy implications. J Med Ethics. 2001; 27: 275–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Say L , Raine R . A systematic review of inequalities in the use of maternal health care in developing countries: examining the scale of the problem and the importance of context. Bull World Health Organ. 2007; 85: 812–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Ten questions to help you makesense of qualitative research. 2002. Available from: http://www.pdptoolkit.co.uk/Files/Critical%20Appraisal/word%20files/new%2010%20qual%20questions.doc [cited 17 July 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Long Q , Zhang T , Xu L , Tang S , Hemminki E . Utilisation of maternal health care in western rural China under a new rural health insurance system (New Co-operative Medical System). Trop Med Int Health. 2010; 15: 1210–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu X , Zhou X , Yan H , Wang D . Use of maternal healthcare services in 10 provinces of rural western China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2011; 114: 260–4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu YH , Liu JM , Ye RW , Zheng JC , Ren AG , Li S , etal. The current status and the changing patterns of perinatal health care in some southern and northern areas of China, 1994–2000. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 27: 1029–32.
   Google Scholar
• Liang J , Dai L , Zhu J , Li X , Zeng W , Wang H , etal. Preventable maternal mortality: geographic/rural–urban differences and associated factors from the population-based Maternal Mortality Surveillance System in China. BMC Pub Health. 2011; 11: 243.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiu L , Lin J , Ma Y , Wu W , Qiu L , Zhou A , etal. Improving the maternal mortality ratio in Zhejiang Province, China, 1988–2008. Midwifery. 2010; 26: 544–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q , Yan H , Wang QL , Kang YJ , Dang SN . Study on maternal health care status to agricultural and nomadic counties in Tibet Autonomous Region of China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 27: 9–11.
   Google Scholar
• Li J , Luo C , Deng R , Jacoby P , de Klerk N . Maternal mortality in Yunnan, China: recent trends and associated factors. BJOG. 2007; 114: 865–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J , Zhao L , Piao J , Zhang J , Yang XG , Yin S . Nutrition and health status of pregnant women in 8 provinces in China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2011; 40: 201–3.
   Google Scholar
• Li J , Chen LL , Chen SZ , Cen MY , Zhao NQ , Qian X . Study on the status of institutional delivery and its determinants in rural Guangxi autonomous region. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2008; 29: 224–9.
   Google Scholar
• Guo LJ , Wang J , Liu YH , Ren AG . Extent and relative changes of equities in using the prenatal care services among premature delivery women with different educational levels. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010; 31: 1259–63.
   Google Scholar
• Doherty JP , Norton EC , Veney JE . China's one-child policy: the economic choices and consequences faced by pregnant women. Soc Sci Med. 2001; 52: 745–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen J , Liu H , Xie Z . Effects of rural–urban return migration on women's family planning and reproductive health attitudes and behavior in rural China. Stud Fam Plann. 2010; 41: 31–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao Y , Barclay L , Kildea S , Hao M , Belton S . Barriers to increasing hospital birth rates in rural Shanxi Province, China. Reprod Health Matters. 2010; 18: 35–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xiao S , Yan H , Shen Y , Dang S , Hemminki E , Wang D , etal. Utilization of delivery care among rural women in China: does the health insurance make a difference? a cross-sectional study. BMC Pub Health. 2010; 10: 695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li WJ . The impact of the new cooperative medical scheme on provision of maternal and child health care in Shandong and Ningxia, China. 2009. Master thesis, Shandong University, Jinan.
   Google Scholar
• Ding YT . Influencing study of NCMS on rural pregnant women heaith care in Rongchang. 2010. Master thesis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing.
   Google Scholar
• Lu J , Shen JJ , Chen G , Moseley BC , Sun M , Gao F , etal. Regional disparities in prenatal care services in rural China. Asia Pac J Pub Health. 2011; 23: 682–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman J , Jing F . Privatisation of health services and the reproductive health of rural Chinese women. Reprod Health Matters. 2002; 10: 108–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang XS , Wang LH , Guo SF . An analysis of related factors for maternal mortality rate at county level. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2003; 37: 342–5.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang L , Shen Y , Zhou L . The accessibility of contraceptive services and perspectives of adolescent. Chinese J Fam Plann. 2002; 10: 604–6.
   Google Scholar
• Cui Y , Zhang Q , Yang L , Ye J , Lv M . Effect of married women's beliefs about gender equity on their use of prenatal and delivery care in rural China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010; 111: 148–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang B , Lou CH , Gao ES , Tu XW . Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems among the unmarried youths in sub-urban Shanghai: needs for RH education and services. Reprod Contracept. 2001; 12: 110–26.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang XJ , Wang GY , Shen Q , Yu YL , Sun YH , Yu GB , etal. Current status of contraceptive use among rural married women in Anhui Province of China. BJOG. 2009; 116: 1640–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decat P , Zhang WH , Moyer E , Cheng Y , Wang ZJ , Lu CY , etal. Determinants of unmet need for contraception among Chinese migrants: a worksite-based survey. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2011; 16: 26–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong H , Qin QR , Li LH , Ji GP , Ye DQ . Condom use among married women at risk for sexually transmitted infections and HIV in rural China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009; Sep. 106(3): 262–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller S , Tudor C , Thorsten V , Wright L , Varner M . Comparison of maternal and newborn outcomes of Tibetan and Han Chinese delivering in Lhasa, Tibet. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2008; 34: 986–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris A , Zhou Y , Liao H , Barclay L , Zeng WY , Gao Y . Challenges to maternal health care utilization among ethnic minority women in a resource-poor region of Sichuan Province, China. Health Policy Plan. 2010; 25: 311–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan W , Wang ZC , Zhang J . Knowledge of maternal and child health and health behaviors among 4405 women in Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region. Chinese J Health Edu. 2003; 19: 415–7.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. The challenges of safe motherhood issued and lessons learned. 2006; Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• The National Population and Family Planning Commission. Report on China's migrant population development. 2011; Beijing: China population press.
   Google Scholar
• Shen R , Yang HJ , Li H , He F , Ding H , Deng XH , etal. Study on the maternal mortality ratio from 1995 to 2004 among residential and migrant women in Beijing. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 27: 223–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liu Z , Zhu M , Dib HH , Li Z , Shi SH , Wang Z . RH knowledge and service utilization among unmarried rural-to-urban migrants in three major cities, China. BMC Pub Health. 2011; 11: 74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen SQ . Status of floating population using contraceptive and demand and will research of family planning service. 2008. Master thesis, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing.
   Google Scholar
• Huang YM . Study on needs and intervention on postpartum contraceptive services among internal migrant women in Shanghai. 2008. PhD thesis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang M . Study on the influence factors of the utilization of the reproductive health services for mobile population in cities. 2008. Master thesis, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou JF , Mantell JE , Ru XM . Reproductive and sexual health of Chinese migrants. J Reprod Contracept. 2009; 20: 169–82.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao QG , Li B , Tian FL , Yuan DM , Chen CL , Pan WJ , etal. Study on the current status and relative factors on reproductive health of unmarried floating population in Huizhou City. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 27: 1038–42.
   Google Scholar
• Zhao FM , Guo SF , Wang LH , Zhang T , Wu JL , Du YK , etal. Study on the perception of gender role and decision-making regarding family affairs among married women and its impact on the utilization of perinatal care. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2006; 27: 780–4.
   Google Scholar
• Ip WY , Chan MY , Chan DS , Chan CW . Knowledge of and attitude to contraception among migrant woman workers in mainland China. J Clin Nurs. 2011; 20: 1685–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ying C , Li Y , Hui H . The impact of husbands’ gender equity awareness on wives’ reproductive health in rural areas of China. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2011; 66: 103–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Short S , Zhang F . Use of maternal health services in rural China. Popul Stud (Camb). 2004; 58: 3–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang L , Lv MT , Cui Y , Deng LN , Tian XB . Gender analysis on prenatal care in rural areas of Xinjiang and Anhui province. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2009; 30: 1025–9.
   Google Scholar
• Li J . Gender inequality, family planning, and maternal and child care in a rural Chinese county. Soc Sci Med. 2004; 59: 695–708.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C , Han HR , Lee JE , Lee M , Lee Y . Knowledge, behaviors and prevalence of reproductive tract infections: a descriptive study on rural women in Hunchun, China. Asian Nurs Res. 2010; 4: 122–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Målqvist M , Hoa DTP , Goland E , Thomsen S . Improving equity in maternal and child health in Vietnam. 2011. Working Paper for 1st EPI-4 Network Meeting.
   Google Scholar
• Tursz A , Crost M . An epidemiological study of gender issues in health care seeking behavior and care of under five children in developing countries. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 1999; 47: 133–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeRose LF , Das M , Millman SR . Does female disadvantage mean lower access to food?. Popul Dev Rev. 2000; 26: 517–47.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allison SE , Sofia G . Vulnerability to HIV/STIs among rural women from migrant communities in Nepal: a health and human rights framework. Reprod Health Matters. 2003; Nov. 11(22): 142–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fremstad S , Cox L . Covering new Americans: a review of federal and state policies related to immigrants’ eligibility and access to publicly funded health insurance. 2004; Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Kramer MA , van Veen MG , de Coul EL , Geskus RB , Coutinho RA , van de Laar MJ , etal. Migrants traveling to their country of origin: a bridge population for HIV transmission?. Sex Transm Infect. 2008; 84: 554–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar