Restructuring brain drain: strengthening governance and financing for health worker migration

References

• Kuehn BM. Global shortage of health workers, brain drain stress developing countries. JAMA. 2007; 298: 1853–5.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor AL, Hwenda L, Larsen B-I, Daulaire N. Stemming the brain drain—a WHO global code of practice on international recruitment of health personnel. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 2348–51.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Migration of health workers. WHO. World Health Organization. 2010. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs301/en/index.html [cited 27 July 2011].
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Working together for health: the world health report 2006. World Health Organization. 2006 pages 1–237. Available from: http://www.who.int/whr/2006/whr06_en.pdf [cited 27 July 2011]..
   Google Scholar
• Marchal B, Kegels G. Health workforce imbalances in times of globalization: brain drain or professional mobility?. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2003; 18(Suppl 1):S89–101.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasper J, Bajunirwe F. Brain drain in sub-Saharan Africa: contributing factors, potential remedies and the role of academic medical centres. Arch Dis Child. 2012; 97: 973–9.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullan F. The metrics of the physician brain drain. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 1810–8.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills EJ, Kanters S, Hagopian A, Bansback N, Nachega J, Alberton M, et al.. The financial cost of doctors emigrating from sub-Saharan Africa: human capital analysis. BMJ. 2011; 343: d7031.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Google Scholar
• Agwu K, Llewelyn M, undergraduates in International Health at UCL. Compensation for the brain drain from developing countries. Lancet. 2009; 373: 1665–6.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Google Scholar
• Kanchanachitra C, Lindelow M, Johnston T, Hanvoravongchai P, Lorenzo FM, Huong NL, et al.. Human resources for health in southeast Asia: shortages, distributional challenges, and international trade in health services. Lancet. 2011; 377: 769–81.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackey TK, Liang BA. Rebalancing brain drain: exploring resource reallocation to address health worker migration and promote global health. Health Policy. 2012; 107: 66–73.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng MH. The Philippines’ health worker exodus. Lancet. 2009; 373: 111–2.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherr K, Mussa A, Chilundo B, Gimbel S, Pfeiffer J, Hagopian A, et al.. Brain drain and health workforce distortions in Mozambique. PLoS ONE. 2012; 7: e35840.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wakgari Deressa AA. Attitudes of undergraduate medical students of Addis Ababa University towards medical practice and migration, Ethiopia. BMC Medical Education. BioMed Central. 2012; 12: 68.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Google Scholar
• Larsson EC, Atkins S, Chopra M, Ekström AM. What about health system strengthening and the internal brain drain?. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103: 533–4.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Council GH. Health care workers. Global Health Council. Available from: http://www.globalhealth.org/health_systems/health_care_workers/ [cited 27 July 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Taché S, Schillinger D. Health worker migration: time for the global justice approach. Am J Bioeth. 2009; 9: 12–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen L, Evans T, Anand S, Boufford JI, Brown H, Chowdhury M, et al.. Human resources for health: overcoming the crisis. Lancet. 2004; 364: 1984–90.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McColl K. Fighting the brain drain. BMJ. 2008; 337: a1496.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Health Systems Strengthening: U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. pepfar.gov. Available from: http://www.pepfar.gov/about/138338.htm [cited 10 December 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Health Systems Strengthening. theglobalfund.org. Available from: http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/performance/effectiveness/hss/ [cited 10 December 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Samb B, Celletti F, Holloway J, Van Damme W, De Cock KM, Dybul M. Rapid expansion of the health workforce in response to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 2510–4.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zachariah R, Ford N, Philips M, Lynch S, Massaquoi M, Janssens V, et al.. Task shifting in HIV/AIDS: opportunities, challenges and proposed actions for sub-Saharan Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 103: 549–58.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babigumira JB, Castelnuovo B, Lamorde M, Kambugu A, Stergachis A, Easterbrook P, et al.. Potential impact of task-shifting on costs of antiretroviral therapy and physician supply in Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res. 2009; 9: 192.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Google Scholar
• Callaghan MM, Ford NN, Schneider HH. A systematic review of task-shifting for HIV treatment and care in Africa. Hum Resour Health. 2010; 8: 8.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann U, Van Damme W, Barten F, Sanders D. Task shifting: the answer to the human resources crisis in Africa?. Hum Resour Health. 2009; 7: 49.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Task Shifting: Global Recommendations and Guidelines. WHO. ; 2008. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthsystems/TTR-TaskShifting.pdf [cited 10 December 2012].
   Google Scholar
• Pang T, Lansang MA, Haines A. Brain drain and health professionals. BMJ. 2002; 324: 499–500.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyn N, Henderson JT. Incentives for retaining and motivating health workers in Pacific and Asian countries. Hum Resour Health. 2008; 6: 18.10.3402/gha.v6i0.19923.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. The WHO global code of practice on the international recruitment of health personnel. World Health Organization. 2010, pp. 1–15. Available from: http://www.who.int/entity/hrh/migration/code/code_en.pdf [cited 27 July 2011].
   Google Scholar
• Heller PS, Mills A. The brain drain: health workers here and there. nytimes.com. ; 2002. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/25/opinion/25iht-edheller_ed3_.html?pagewanted=2/ [cited 27 July 2011].
   Google Scholar
• NRMP. About NRMP. nrmp.org. ; 2012. Available from: http://www.nrmp.org/about_nrmp/index.html [cited 11 December 2012].
   Google Scholar