Migration background and juvenile mental health: a descriptive retrospective analysis of diagnostic rates of psychiatric disorders in young people

References

• Zeeb H , Razum O . Epidemiological research on migrant health in Germany. An overview. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2006; 49: 845–52.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beiser M , Dion R , Gotowiec A , Hyman I , Vu N . Immigrant and refugee children in Canada. Can J Psychiatry. 1995; 40: 67–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiser M , Hamilton H , Rummens JA , Oxman-Martinez J , Ogvie L , Humphrey C , etal. Predictors of emotional problems and physical aggression among children of Hong Kong Chinese, Mainland Chinese and Filipino immigrants to Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009; 45: 1011–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beiser M , Hou F , Hyman I , Tousignant M . Poverty, family process, and the mental health of immigrant children in Canada. Am J Public Health. 2002; 92: 220–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carballo M , Divino JJ , Zeric D . Migration and health in the European Union. Trop Med Int Health. 1998; 3: 936–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carballo M , Heal B , Horbaty G . Impact of the tsunami on psychosocial health and well-being. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2006; 18: 217–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkes CE . Thought field therapy and trauma recovery. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2004; 4: 99–103.
   Google Scholar
• Nielsen SS , Norredam M , Christensen KL , Obel C , Krasnik A . The mental health of asylum-seeking children in Denmark. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007; 169: 3660–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielsen SS , Norredam M , Christiansen KL , Obel C , Hilden J , Krasnik A . The effect of length of stay and number of relocations on asylum-seeking children's mental health – secondary publication. Ugeskr Laeger. 2009; 171: 981–4.
   Google Scholar
• Gallardo MP . Immigration and health in Spain. Rev Enferm. 2007; 30: 7–12, 14.
   Google Scholar
• Georgiades K , Boyle MH , Duku E . Contextual influences on children's mental health and school performance: the moderating effects of family immigrant status. Child Dev. 2007; 78: 1572–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fazel M , Stein A . The mental health of refugee children. Arch Dis Child. 2002; 87: 366–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erol N , Simsek Z , Oner O , Munir K . Effects of internal displacement and resettlement on the mental health of Turkish children and adolescents. Eur Psychiatry. 2005; 20: 152–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marschall T , Kretzschmar M , Mangen MJ , Schalm S . High impact of migration on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Netherlands. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 20: 1214–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marmot M . Changing places changing risks: the study of migrants. Public Health Rev. 1993; 21: 185–95.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Marmot MG , Adelstein AM , Bulusu L . Lessons from the study of immigrant mortality. Lancet. 1984; 1: 1455–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkcaldy B , Wittig U , Furnham A , Merbach M , Siefen RG . Health and migration. Psychosocial determinants. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2006; 49: 873–83.
   Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos DC , Vlassopoulos M , Lazaratou H . Forced migration, adolescence, and identity formation. Am J Psychoanal. 2006; 66: 225–37.
   Google Scholar
• Yearwood EL , Crawford S , Kelly M , Moreno N . Immigrant youth at risk for disorders of mood: recognizing complex dynamics. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2007; 21: 162–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anagnostopoulos DC , Vlassopoulou M , Rotsika V , Pehlivanidou H , Legaki L , Rogakou E , etal. Psychopathology and mental health service utilization by immigrants’ children and their families. Transcult Psychiatry. 2004; 41: 465–86.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Breslau J , Aguilar-Gaxiola S , Borges G , Kendler KS , Su M , Kessler RC . Risk for psychiatric disorder among immigrants and their US-born descendants: evidence from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007; 195: 189–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuepper-Nybelen J , Lamerz A , Bruning N , Hebebrand J , Herpertz-Dahlmann B , Brenner H . Major differences in prevalence of overweight according to nationality in preschool children living in Germany: determinants and public health implications. Arch Dis Child. 2005; 90: 359–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamerz A , Kuepper-Nybelen J , Bruning N , Wehle C , Trost-Brinkhues G , Brenner H , etal. Prevalence of obesity, binge eating, and night eating in a cross-sectional field survey of 6-year-old children and their parents in a German urban population. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005; 46: 385–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamerz A , Kuepper-Nybelen J , Wehle C , Trost-Brinkhues G , Brenner H , Hebebrand J , etal. Social class, parental education, and obesity prevalence in a study of six-year-old children in Germany. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005; 29: 373–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkcaldy BD , Furnham AF , Siefen RG . The effects of gender and migrant status on physical and psychological well-being. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2009; 21: 61–72.
   Google Scholar
• Poustka F . Psychiatrische Störungen bei Kindern ausländischer Arbeitnehmer: Eine epidemiologische Untersuchung. 1984; Stuttgart: Enke.
   Google Scholar
• Steinhausen HC . Psychiatric disorders in children and family dysfunction. A study of migrant workers’ families. Soc Psychiatry. 1985; 20: 11–6.
   Google Scholar
• Remschmidt H , Walter R . Psychological symptoms in school children. An epidemiologic study. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. 1990; 18: 121–32.
   Google Scholar
• Schlüter-Müller S . Psychische Probleme von jungen Türken in Deutschland. 1992; Eschborn: D. Klotz.
   Google Scholar
• Steinhausen HC . Migration und psychische Störungen. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr. 1982; 10: 344–64.
   Google Scholar
• Freitag CM . Sozialstatus und Verhaltensstörungen: Ein Vergleich zwischen Jugendlichen aus deutschen und ausländischen Familien. 2000; Eschborn: Klotz.
   Google Scholar
• Erhart M , Holling H , Bettge S , Ravens-Sieberer U , Schlack R . The German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS): risks and resources for the mental development of children and adolescents. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007; 50: 800–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holling H , Erhart M , Ravens-Sieberer U , Schlack R . Behavioural problems in children and adolescents. First results from the German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2007; 50: 784–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holling H , Kurth BM , Rothenberger A , Becker A , Schlack R . Assessing psychopathological problems of children and adolescents from 3 to 17 years in a nationwide representative sample: results of the German health interview and examination survey for children and adolescents (KiGGS). Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008; 17(Suppl.1): 34–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klimidis S , Stuart G , Minas IH , Ata AW . Immigrant status and gender effects on psychopathology and self-concept in adolescents: a test of the migration-morbidity hypothesis. Compr Psychiatry. 1994; 35: 393–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englert E , Poustka F . The Frankfurt child and adolescent psychiatry documentation system--development and methodological principles with reference to quality assurance. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr. 1995; 44: 158–67.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holm S . A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scand J Stat. 1979; 6: 65–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tieman W , van der Ende J , Verhulst FC . Psychiatric disorders in young adult intercountry adoptees: an epidemiological study. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 592–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter KN , Blakely T , Collings S , Gunasekara FI , Richardson K . What is the association between wealth and mental health?. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009; 63: 221–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjern A , Wicks S , Dalman C . Social adversities contributes to high morbidity in psychoses in immigrants – a national cohort study in two generations of Swedish residents. Psychol Med. 2004; 34: 1025–33.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorant V , Croux S , Weich S , Deliege D , Mackenbach J , Ansseau M . Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study. Br J Psychiatry. 2007; 190: 293–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coid JW , Kirkbride JB , Barker D , Cowden F , Stamps R , Yang M , etal. Raised incidence rates of all psychoses among migrant groups: findings from the East London first episode psychosis study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2008; 65: 1250–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im Gesundheitswesen. Koordination und Integration – Gesundheitsversorgung in einer Gesellschaft des längeren Lebens – Sondergutachten 2009. 2009; Bonn
   Google Scholar
• Steinhausen HC , Bearth-Carrari C , Winkler Metzke C . Migration und psychosoziale Adaptation – Eine Studie an jungen Ausländern, Doppelbürgern und Schweizern. 2009; Bern: Verlag Hans Huber.
   Google Scholar
• Huang ZJ , Yu SM , Ledsky R . Health status and health service access and use among children in U.S. immigrant families. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96: 634–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geyer S , Peter R , Siegrist J . Socioeconomic differences in children's and adolescents’ hospital admissions in Germany: a report based on health insurance data on selected diagnostic categories. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002; 56: 109–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schouler-Ocak M , Schepker R , Bretz HJ , Hartkamp N , Koch E , Penka S , etal. Patients of immigrant origin in inpatient psychiatric facilities. Differences between first and second generation: nationwide questionnaire of the Psychiatry and Migration Working Group of the German Federal Conference of Psychiatric Hospital Directors. Nervenarzt. 2010; 81: 86–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. The global approach to migration and mobility. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. 2011; Brussels: European Commission.
   Google Scholar
• European Union Agency for Fundamenal Rights (FRA). Migrants in an irregular situation. Access to healthcare on 10 European Union Member States. 2011. ISBN 978-92-9192-709-8.
   Google Scholar
• PICUM. Undocumented migrants’ health needs and strategies to access healthcare in 17 EU countries. Country reports in the framework of the project healthcare in Nowhereland. 2010. Available from: http://www.nowhereland.info/?i_ca_id=389 .
   Google Scholar