822
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Special Issue: Measuring HIV Associated Mortality in Africa

Mortality and its predictors among antiretroviral therapy naïve HIV-infected individuals with CD4 cell count ≥350 cells/mm3 compared to the general population: data from a population-based prospective HIV cohort in Uganda

, , , , &
Article: 21843 | Received 26 Jun 2013, Accepted 10 Dec 2013, Published online: 15 Jan 2014

References

  • Sewankambo NK, Gray RH, Ahmad S, Serwadda D, Wabwire-Mangen F, Nalugoda F, etal. Mortality associated with HIV infection in rural Rakai District, Uganda. AIDS. 2000; 14: 2391–400.
  • Losina E, Figueroa P, Duncan J, Divi N, Wolf LL, Hirschhorn LR, etal. HIV morbidity and mortality in Jamaica: analysis of national surveillance data, 1993–2005. Int J Infect Dis. 2008; 12: 132–8.
  • Van der Paal L, Shafer LA, Todd J, Mayanja BN, Whitworth JA, Grosskurth H. HIV-1 disease progression and mortality before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda. AIDS. 2007; 21(Suppl 6): S21–9.
  • Phillips AN, Elford J, Sabin C, Bofill M, Janossy G, Lee CA. Immunodeficiency and the risk of death in HIV infection. JAMA. 1992; 268: 2662–6.
  • Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, Katlama C, Kirk O, Reiss P, d'Arminio Monforte A, etal. Decline in the AIDS and death rates in the EuroSIDA study: an observational study. Lancet. 2003; 362: 22–9.
  • Jahn A, Floyd S, Crampin AC, Mwaungulu F, Mvula H, Munthali F, etal. Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1603–11.
  • Mellors JW, Munoz A, Giorgi JV, Margolick JB, Tassoni CJ, Gupta P, etal. Plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocytes as prognostic markers of HIV-1 infection. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126: 946–54.
  • WHO/UNAIDS. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach: 2010 revision. 2010; Geneva: WHO/UNAIDS.
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. National antiretroviral treatment and care guidelines for adults and children. 2008; Kampala: Ministry of health, Republic of Uganda. 2nd ed.
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. The integrated national guidelines on antiretroviral therapy, prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV and infant & young child feeding. 2011; Kampala: Ministry of health, Republic of Uganda. 1st ed.
  • WHO/UNAIDS. Towards universal access, scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress report 2010 . 2010; Geneva: WHO.
  • Ford N, Mills E, Calmy A. Rationing antiretroviral therapy in Africa-treating too few, too late. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 1808–10.
  • Bartlett JA, Shao JF. Successes, challenges, and limitations of current antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009; 9: 637–49.
  • Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, Merriman B, Saag MS, Justice AC, etal. Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 1815–26.
  • Auvert B, Males S, Puren A, Taljaard D, Carael M, Williams B. Can highly active antiretroviral therapy reduce the spread of HIV?: a study in a township of South Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004; 36: 613–21.
  • Lodwick RK, Sabin CA, Porter K, Ledergerber B, van Sighem A, Cozzi-Lepri A, etal. Death rates in HIV-positive antiretroviral-naive patients with CD4 count greater than 350 cells per microL in Europe and North America: a pooled cohort observational study. Lancet. 2010; 376: 340–5.
  • Biadgilign S, Reda AA, Digaffe T. Predictors of mortality among HIV infected patients taking antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Res Ther. 2012; 9: 15.
  • Fregonese F, Collins IJ, Jourdain G, Lecoeur S, Cressey TR, Ngo-Giang-Houng N, etal. Predictors of 5-year mortality in HIV-infected adults starting highly active antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012; 60: 91–8.
  • Erikstrup C, Kallestrup P, Zinyama R, Gomo E, Mudenge B, Gerstoft J, etal. Predictors of mortality in a cohort of HIV-1-infected adults in rural Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007; 44: 478–83.
  • Nakibinge S, Maher D, Katende J, Kamali A, Grosskurth H, Seeley J. Community engagement in health research: two decades of experience from a research project on HIV in rural Uganda. Trop Med Int Health. 2009; 14: 190–5.
  • Mulder DW, Nunn AJ, Wagner HU, Kamali A, Kengeya-Kayondo JF. HIV-1 incidence and HIV-1-associated mortality in a rural Ugandan population cohort. AIDS. 1994; 8: 87–92.
  • Mbulaiteye SM, Mahe C, Ruberantwari A, Whitworth JA. Generalizability of population-based studies on AIDS: a comparison of newly and continuously surveyed villages in rural southwest Uganda. Int J Epidemiol. 2002; 31: 961–7.
  • Asiki G, Murphy G, Nakiyingi-Miiro J, Seeley J, Nsubuga RN, Karabarinde A, etal. The general population cohort in rural south-western Uganda: a platform for communicable and non-communicable disease studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2013; 42: 129–41.
  • Morgan D, Malamba SS, Maude GH, Okongo MJ, Wagner HU, Mulder DW, etal. An HIV-1 natural history cohort and survival times in rural Uganda. AIDS. 1997; 11: 633–40.
  • WHO. World Health Organisation clinical staging of HIV infection. 1990; Geneva: WHO.
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. National guidelines on management of common conditions. Uganda Clinical Guidelines. 2003; Kampala: Ministry of health, Republic of Uganda. 1st ed.
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. National antiretroviral treatment and care guidelines for adults and children. 2003; Kampala: Ministry of health, Republic of Uganda. 1st ed..
  • Ministry of Health, Republic of Uganda. National policy guidelines for cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for people with HIV/AIDS. 2005; Kampala: Ministry of health, Republic of Uganda. 1st ed..
  • UBOS, ICF. Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2011. Kampala, Uganda: Uganda Bureau of Statistics. Available from: http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/UDHS/UDHS2011.pdf [cited 15 August 2013]..
  • Smit C, Geskus R, Walker S, Sabin C, Coutinho R, Porter K, etal. Effective therapy has altered the spectrum of cause-specific mortality following HIV seroconversion. AIDS. 2006; 20: 741–9.
  • Prins M, Sabin CA, Lee CA, Devereux H, Coutinho RA. Pre-AIDS mortality and its association with HIV disease progression in haemophilic men, injecting drug users and homosexual men. AIDS. 2000; 14: 1829–37.
  • Anglaret X, Minga A, Gabillard D, Ouassa T, Messou E, Morris B, etal. AIDS and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality across the spectrum of CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected adults before starting antiretroviral therapy in Cote d'Ivoire. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 54: 714–23.
  • Lewden C, Gabillard D, Minga A, Ekouevi DK, Avit D, Konate I, etal. CD4-specific mortality rates among HIV-infected adults with high CD4 counts and no antiretroviral treatment in West Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2012; 59: 213–19.
  • Lewden C, Bouteloup V, De Wit S, Sabin C, Mocroft A, Wasmuth JC, etal. All-cause mortality in treated HIV-infected adults with CD4 ≥500/mm3 compared with the general population: evidence from a large European observational cohort collaboration. Int J Epidemiol. 2012; 41: 433–45.
  • Lewden C, Chene G, Morlat P, Raffi F, Dupon M, Dellamonica P, etal. HIV-infected adults with a CD4 cell count greater than 500 cells/mm3 on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy reach same mortality rates as the general population. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007; 46: 72–7.
  • START. START trial: the strategic timing of anti-retroviral treatment – an INSIGHT trial. Available from: http://insight.ccbr.umn.edu/start [cited 10 August 2013]..