Utilisation and costs of nursing agencies in the South African public health sector, 2005–2010

References

• Global Health Workforce Alliance, WHO. A universal truth: no health without a workforce. 2013; Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• DOH. Human Resources for Health South Africa: HRH strategy for the health sector: 2012/13–2016/17. 2011; Pretoria: Department of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Massey L, Esain A, Wallis M. Managing the complexity of nurse shortages: a case study of bank and agency staffing in an acute care Trust in Wales, UK. Int J Nurs Stud. 2009; 46: 912–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken L. Breaking the shortage cycle. Am J Nurs. 1989; 87: 1616–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aitken RL, Manias E, Peerson A, Parker JM, Wong K. Casualisation of the nursing workforce. 2001; Melbourne: School of Post-graduate Nursing, the University of Melbourne. A submission for the National Review of Nursing Education for the Minister for Education, Training and Youth Affairs and the Minister for Health and Aged Care.
   Google Scholar
• Braddy PK, Washburn TA, Caroll LL. Factors influencing nurses to work for agencies. West J Nurs Res. 1991; 13: 353–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buchan J, Edwards N. Nursing numbers in Britain: the argument for workforce planning. Br Med J. 2000; 320: 1067–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peerson A, Aitken RL, Manias E, Parker JM, Wong K. Agency nursing in Melbourne, Australia: a telephone survey of hospital and agency managers. J Adv Nurs. 2002; 40: 504–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa. Nursing Act no 50 of 1978. Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• Rispel LC, Blaauw D, Chirwa T, de Wet K. Factors influencing agency nursing and moonlighting among nurses in South Africa. Glob Health Action. 2014; 7: 23585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23585.
   Google Scholar
• Adams B. Agency nursing: the hospital response. J Nurs Adm ; : 4. 1989; 19: 12. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Hughes KK, Marcantonio RJ. Recruitment, retention and compensation of agency and hospital nurses. J Nurs Adm. 1991; 21: 46–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jackson BS. Agency nursing: costs and quality [Opinion]. J Nurs Adm ; : 5. 1989; 19: 12. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Manias E, Aitken R, Peerson A, Parker J, Wong K. Agency-nursing work: perceptions and experiences of agency nurses. Int J Nurs Stud. 2003; 40: 269–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manion J, Reid S. Managing temporary staffing services: selecting the right agency. Nurs Econ. 1989; 7: 315–18. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Muir J. Moonlighting. Nurs Times. 1988; 84: 34. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Manias E, Aitken R, Peerson A, Parker J, Wong K. Agency nursing work in acute care settings: perceptions of hospital nursing managers and agency nurse providers. J Clin Nurs. 2003; 12: 457–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Audit Office. Improving the use of temporary nursing staff in NHS acute and foundation trusts. 2006; London: National Audit Office.
   Google Scholar
• Batch M, Barnard A, Windsor C. Who's talking? Communication and the casual/ part-time nurse: a literature review. Contemp Nurse. 2009; 33: 20–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creegan R, Duffield C, Forrester K. Casualisation of the nursing workforce in Australia: driving forces and implications. Aust Health Rev. 2003; 26: 207–14.
   Google Scholar
• Halcomb EJ, Andrew S, Peters K, Salamonson Y, Jackson D. Casualisation of the teaching workforce: implications for nursing education. Nurs Educ Today. 2009; 30: 528–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aiken LH, Cheu R. Nurse workforce challenges in the United States: implications for Policy. 2008; Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann A, Keatings M, Holmes G, Oreschina E, Fortier V. Better data, better decisions: a profile of the nursing workforce at Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, –2003. 2002; Hamilton, Ontario: Nursing Health Services Research Unit, University of Toronto Faculty of Nursing and McMaster University School of Nursing. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Baumann A, Kolotylo C. Forecasting future workforce demand: a process evaluation. 2010; Hamilton, Ontario: Nursing Health Services Research Unit, University of Toronto Faculty of Nursing & McMaster University School of Nursing.
   Google Scholar
• Buchan J, Seccombe I. Difficult times, difficult choices: the UK nursing labour market review. 2009; London: Royal College of Nursing. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• National Audit Office. Good practice in managing the use of temporary nursing staff. 2006; London: National Audit Office.
   Google Scholar
• O'Reilly J, Trueman P, Ganderton M, Wright D. Results of census of temporary nursing staff in Acute Hospital and Foundation Trusts: Final Report. 2006; York: York Health Economics Consortium.
   Google Scholar
• Brannigan E. Managing the use of nursing agencies: experience from netcare. Presented at the RESON consultative workshop entitled: exploring nursing policies, practice and management in South Africa, Airport Grande Hotel, Boksburg. 2008; Johannesburg: Centre for Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand.
   Google Scholar
• Hendricks J, Baume P. The pricing of nursing care. J Adv Nurs. 1997; 25: 454–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCloskey JC, Gardner DL, Johnson M. Costing out nursing services: an annotated bibliography. Nurs Econ. 1987; 5: 245–53. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Department of Public Service and Administration. Implementation of the Occupational Specific Dispensations (OSDs) for the occupations professional nurse, staff nurse and nursing assistants in the public service-File 18/2/P. 2007; Pretoria: DPSA.
   Google Scholar
• Integrated Support Teams. Review of health over-spending and macro-assessment of the public health system in South Africa: Consolidated Report. 2009; Pretoria: ISTs.
   Google Scholar
• Rispel LC, Barron P. Valuing human resources: key to the success of a National Health Insurance System. Dev Southern Africa. 2012; 29: 616–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Treasury. Provincial budgets and expenditure review, 2005/06 – 2011/12. 2009; Pretoria: National Treasury of the Republic of South Africa.
   Google Scholar
• O'Reilly J, Trueman P, Ganderton M, Wright D. Results of census of temporary nursing staff in Acute Hospital and Foundation Trusts: final Report. 2006; York: University of York.
   Google Scholar
• Moore A. Rising temporary nursing costs. 2013; London: HSJ Local Briefing.
   Google Scholar
• Aitken RL, Manias E, Peerson A, Parker JM, Wong K. Agency nursing in metropolitan Melbourne: final Research Report. 2002; Melbourne: School of Post-graduate Nursing, University of Melbourne.
   Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa. The Public Finance Management Act, no. 1 of 1999. 1999; Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• DOH. National Core Standards for Health Establishments in South Africa. 2010; Pretoria: Department of Health (DOH).
   Google Scholar
• RSA. National Health Amendment Act, no 12 of 2013. Government Gazette. 2013; 577: 1–34.
   Google Scholar
• Bourbonniere M, Feng Z, Intrator O, Angelelli J, Mor V, Zinn JS. The use of contract licensed nursing staff in U.S. nursing homes. Med Care Res Rev. 2006; 63: 88–109. DOI: 10.1177/1077558705283128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunton N, Gajewski B, Klaus S, Pierson B. The relationship of nursing workforce characteristics to patient outcomes. Online J Issues Nurs. 2007; 12 Manuscript 3. doi: 10.3912/OJIN.Vol12No03Man03.
   Google Scholar
• Roseman C, Booker JM. Workload and environmental factors in hospital medication errors. Nurs Res. 1995; 44: 226–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alonso-Echanove J, Edwards JR, Richards MJ, Brennan P, Venezia RA, Keen J, etal. Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003; 24: 916–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurst K, Smith A. Temporary nursing staff – cost and quality issues. J Adv Nurs. 2011; 67: 287–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page A. Keeping patients safe: transforming the work environment of nurses. 2004; Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
   Google Scholar
• Republic of South Africa. National Health Act no 61 of 2003. 2005; Pretoria: Government Printer.
   Google Scholar
• DOH. National Strategic Plan on nurse education, training and practice 2012/13-2016/17. 2013; Pretoria: Department of Health.
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Nursing. Agency nursing-RCN guidance for nursing and care agencies. 2004; London: RCN.
   Google Scholar
• Royal College of Nursing. Agency nurse induction guidelines- RCN guidance for employers, nursing agencies and nursing staff. 2007; London: RCN.
   Google Scholar
• Van Rensburg HCJ. Health and health care in South Africa. 2012; Pretoria: Van Schaik.
   Google Scholar