Effect of HIV status on fertility intention and contraceptive use among women in nine sub-Saharan African countries: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys

References

• UNAIDS. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2012. 2012. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS).
   Google Scholar
• Laher F, Todd CS, Stibich MA, Phofa R, Behane X, Mohapi L, etal. A qualitative assessment of decisions affecting contraceptive utilization and fertility intentions among HIV-positive women in Soweto, South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2009; 13: 47–54. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Hoffman IF, Martinson FE, Powers KA, Chilongozi DA, Msiska ED, Kachipapa EI, etal. The year-long effect of HIV-positive test results on pregnancy intentions, contraceptive use, and pregnancy incidence among Malawian women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008; 47: 477–83. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Homsy J, Bunnell R, Moore D, King R, Malamba S, Nakityo R, etal. Reproductive intentions and outcomes among women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e4149. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Myer L, Rebe K, Morroni C. Missed opportunities to address reproductive health care needs among HIV-infected women in antiretroviral therapy programmes. Trop Med Int Health. 2007; 12: 1484–9. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Nakayiwa S, Abang B, Packel L, Lifshay J, Purcell DW, King R, etal. Desire for children and pregnancy risk behavior among HIV-infected men and women in Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2006; 10: S95–104. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Craft SM, Delaney RO, Bautista DT, Serovich JM. Pregnancy decisions among women with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2007; 11: 927–35. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Nebié Y, Meda N, Leroy V, Mandelbrot L, Yaro S, Sombié I, etal. Sexual and reproductive life of women informed of their HIV seropositivity: a prospective cohort study in Burkina Faso. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2001; 28: 367–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper D, Harries J, Myer L, Orner P, Bracken H. “Life is still going on”: reproductive intentions among HIV-positive women and men in South Africa. Soc Sci Med. 2007; 65: 274–83. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Nattabi B, Li J, Thompson SC, Orach CG, Earnest J. A systematic review of factors influencing fertility desires and intentions among people living with HIV/AIDS: implications for policy and service delivery. AIDS Behav. 2009; 13: 949–68. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Oladapo OT, Daniel OJ, Odusoga OL, Ayoola-Sotubo O. Fertility desires and intentions of HIV-positive patients at a suburban specialist center. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005; 97: 1672–81. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Kaida A, Gray G, Bastos FI, Andia I, Maier M, McIntyre J, etal. The relationship between HAART use and sexual activity among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Brazil, South Africa, and Uganda. AIDS Care. 2008; 20: 21–5. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Maier M, Andia I, Emenyonu N, Guzman D, Kaida A, Pepper L, etal. Antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased fertility desire, but not pregnancy or live birth, among HIV+ women in an early HIV treatment program in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2009; 13: 28–37. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Taulo F, Berry M, Tsui A, Makanani B, Kafulafula G, Li Q, etal. Fertility intentions of HIV-infected and uninfected women in Malawi: a longitudinal study. AIDS Behav. 2009; 13: 20–7. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Mark KE, Meinzen-Derr J, Stephenson R, Haworth A, Ahmed Y, Duncan D, etal. Contraception among HIV concordant and discordant couples in Zambia: a randomized controlled trial. J Womens Health. 2007; 16: 1200–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bankole A, Biddlecom AE, Dzekedzeke K. Women's and men's fertility preferences and contraceptive behaviors by HIV status in 10 sub-Saharan African countries. AIDS Educ Prev. 2011; 23: 313–28. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. 2012. Adolescents, young people and HIV. Fact Sheet. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Mishra V, Medley A, Hong R, Gu Y, Robey B. Levels and spread of HIV seroprevalence and associated factors: evidence from national household surveys. 2009; Calverton, NY: Macro International.
   Google Scholar
• Malawi National Statistical Office, ICF Macro. 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey: key findings. 2011; Calverton, MD: NSO.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) [Rwanda], Ministry of Health (MOH) [Rwanda], ICF International. Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey, 2010. 2012; Calverton, MD: NISR.
   Google Scholar
• Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT), ICF International. Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2010–11. 2012; Calverton, MD: ZIMSTAT.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Global update on HIV treatment 2013: results, impact and opportunities. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO report in partnership with UNICEF and UNAIDS. 2013
   Google Scholar
• King R, Khana K, Nakayiwa S, Katuntu D, Homsy J, Lindkvist P, etal. ‘Pregnancy comes accidentally – like it did with me’: reproductive decisions among women on ART and their partners in rural Uganda. BMC Publ Health. 2011; 11: 530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. Access to antiretroviral therapy in Africa: status report on progress towards the 2015 Targets. (2013); Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS.
   Google Scholar
• Myer L, Carter RJ, Katyal M, Toro P, El-Sadr WM, Abrams EJ. Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study. PLoS Med. 2010; 7: e1000229. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Myer L, Morroni C, Rebe K. Prevalence and determinants of fertility intentions of HIV-infected women and men receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2007; 21: 278–85. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Kongnyuy EJ, Wiysonge CS. Association between fertility and HIV status: what implications for HIV estimates?. BMC Publ Health. 2008; 8: 309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andia I, Kaida A, Maier M, Guzman D, Emenyonu N, Pepper L, etal. Highly active antiretroviral therapy and increased use of contraceptives among HIV-positive women during expanding access to antiretroviral therapy in Mbarara, Uganda. Am J Publ Health. 2009; 99: 340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaida A, Laher F, Strathdee SA, Money D, Janssen PA, Hogg RS, etal. Contraceptive use and method preference among women in Soweto, South Africa: the influence of expanding access to HIV care and treatment services. PLoS One. 2010; 5: e13868. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Wilcher R, Cates W Jr, Gregson S. Family planning and HIV: strange bedfellows no longer. AIDS. 2009; 23: S1. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Heffron R, Were E, Celum C, Mugo N, Ngure K, Kiarie J, etal. A prospective study of contraceptive use among African women in HIV-1 serodiscordant partnerships. Sex Transm Dis. 2010; 37: 621–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Feldman R, Maposhere C. Safer sex and reproductive choice: findings from “positive women: voices and choices” in Zimbabwe. Reprod Health Matters. 2003; 11: 162–73. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Marlow HM, Maman S, Groves AK, Moodley D. Fertility intent and contraceptive decision-making among HIV positive and negative antenatal clinic attendees in Durban, South Africa. Health Care Women Int. 2012; 33: 342–58. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Ezeh AC. The influence of spouses over each other's contraceptive attitudes in Ghana. Stud Fam Plann. 1993; 24: 163–74. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar