Prevalence of tuberculosis, HIV, and TB-HIV co-infection among pulmonary tuberculosis suspects in a predominantly pastoralist area, northeast Ethiopia

References

• WHO. Global tuberculosis control: a short update to the 2009 report. 2010; Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44241/1/9789241598866_eng.pdf [cited 15 August 2015]..
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Global tuberculosis report. 2014; Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/137094/1/9789241564809_eng.pdf?ua=1 [cited 10 March 2015]..
   Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. Global report: UNAIDS report on the Global AIDS epidemic. 2013; Geneva: UNAIDS. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/UNAIDS_Global_Report_2013_en_1.pdf [cited 10 March 2015]..
   Google Scholar
• Gao J, Zheng P, Fu H. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in countries except China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e64915. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Selwyn PA, Hartel D, Lewis VA, Schoenbaum EE, Vermund SH, Klein RS, etal. A prospective study of the risk of tuberculosis among intravenous drug users with human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320: 545–50. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Munsiff SS, Alpert PL, Gourevitch MN, Chang CJ, Klein RS. A prospective study of tuberculosis and HIV disease progression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998; 19: 361–6. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Gray JM, Cohn DL. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013; 34: 32–43. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Mihret A, Bekele Y, Aytenew M, Assefa Y, Wassie L, Abebe M, etal. Human immunodeficiency virus infection among new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2014; 2014(Suppl 1): 1–6.
   Google Scholar
• Yadeta D, Alemseged F, Biadgilign S. Provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling among tuberculosis patients in a hospital in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. J Infect Public Health. 2013; 6: 222–9. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Alemie GA, Gebreselassie F. Common types of tuberculosis and co-infection with HIV at private health institutions in Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014; 14: 319. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Population Census Commission. Agricultural sample survey 2007/2008. 2008; Addis Ababa: Central Statistical Authority.
   Google Scholar
• USAID. Horn of Africa: multi-sectoral interventions in pastoralist communities. Available from: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/70DFF5EF605E3F388525709000723C3E-usaid-hoa-30sep.pdf [cited 2 March 2015]..
   Google Scholar
• Coppock DL, Desta S, Tezera S, Gebru G. Capacity building helps pastoral women transform impoverished communities in Ethiopia. Science. 2011; 334: 1394–8. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Belay M, Ameni G, Bjune G, Couvin D, Rastogi N, Abebe F. Strain diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Afar pastoral region of Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 238532. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Bruchfeld J, Aderaye G, Palme IB, Bjorvatn B, Britton S, Feleke Y, etal. Evaluation of outpatients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in a high HIV prevalence setting in Ethiopia: clinical, diagnostic and epidemiological characteristics. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002; 34: 331–7. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Laboratory services in tuberculosis control: microscopy. Part II. 1998; Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp?codlan=1&codcol=93&codcch=2167 [cited 1 March 2009]..
   Google Scholar
• WHO. Laboratory services in tuberculosis control: culture. Part III. 1998; Geneva: WHO. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/65942/3/WHO_TB_98.258_(part3).pdf [cited 1 March 2009]..
   Google Scholar
• MOH. Guidelines for HIV counselling and testing in Ethiopia. 2007; Addis Ababa: MOH. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/vct/ETH_HCT_guidelinesJune26_clean.pdf [cited 20 February 2009].
   Google Scholar
• Yohanes A, Abera S, Ali S. Smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis among suspected patients attending Metehara sugar factory hospital; eastern Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci. 2012; 12: 325–30. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Deribew A, Negussu N, Melaku Z, Deribe K. Investigation outcomes of tuberculosis suspects in the health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e18614. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Belay M, Bjune G, Ameni G, Abebe F. Diagnostic and treatment delay among tuberculosis patients in Afar Region, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012; 12: 369. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Holmes CB, Hausler H, Nunn P. A review of sex differences in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 1998; 2: 96–104. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Assefa T, Davey G, Dukers N, Wolday D, Worku A, Messele T, etal. Overall HIV-1 prevalence in pregnant women over-estimates HIV-1 in the predominantly rural population of Afar Region. Ethiop Med J. 2003; 41(Suppl 1):43–9. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Denegetu AW, Dolamo BL. HIV screening among TB patients and co-trimoxazole preventive therapy for TB/HIV patients in Addis Ababa: facility based descriptive study. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e86614. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Yassin MA, Takele L, Gebresenbet S, Girma E, Lera M, Lendebo E, etal. HIV and tuberculosis co-infection in the southern region of Ethiopia: a prospective epidemiological study. Scand J Infect Dis. 2004; 36: 670–3. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Datiko DG, Yassin MA, Chekol LT, Kabeto LE, Lindtjorn B. The rate of TB-HIV co-infection depends on the prevalence of HIV infection in a community. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 266. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Kassie GM, Mariam DH, Tsui AO. Patterns of knowledge and condom use among population groups: results from the 2005 Ethiopian behavioral surveillance surveys on HIV. BMC Public Health. 2008; 8: 429. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Habib AG, Jumare J. Migration, pastoralists, HIV infection and access to care: the nomadic Fulani of northern Nigeria. Afr J AIDS Res. 2008; 7: 179–86. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Both R, Etsub E, Moyer E. ‘They were about to take out their guns on us’: accessing rural Afar communities in Ethiopia with HIV-related interventions. Cult Health Sex. 2013; 15(Suppl 3):S338–50. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar