Increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli in gulls sampled in Southcentral Alaska is associated with urban environments

References

• Pitout JD, Laupland KB. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: an emerging public-health concern. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008; 8: 159–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez JL. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science. 2008; 321: 365–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wellington EM, Boxall AB, Cross P, Feil EJ, Gaze WH, Hawkey PM, etal. The role of the natural environment in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 155–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon DM. Geographical structure and host specificity in bacteria and the implications for tracing the source of coliform contamination. Microbiology. 2001; 147: 1079–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland RM, Hausfater G, Marshall B, Levy SB. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wild primates: increased prevalence in baboons feeding on human refuse. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985; 49: 791–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skurnik D, Ruimy R, Andremont A, Amorin C, Rouquet P, Picard B, etal. Effect of human vicinity on antimicrobial resistance and integrons in animal faecal Escherichia coli . J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006; 57: 1215–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjolund M, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Bengtsson S, Cederbrant G, Pinhassi J, etal. Dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria into the Arctic. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008; 14: 70–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan AU. Worldwide spread of NDM-1: are migratory birds culprits?. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2015; 9: 120–1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guenther S, Aschenbrenner K, Stamm I, Bethe A, Semmler T, Stubbe A, etal. Comparable high rates of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in birds of prey from Germany and Mongolia. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e53039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoes RR, Poirel L, Da Costa PM, Nordmann P. Seagulls and beaches as reservoirs for multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli . Emerg Infect Dis. 2010; 16: 110–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnedahl J, Drobni M, Gauthier-Clerc M, Hernandez J, Granholm S, Kayser Y, etal. Dissemination of Escherichia coli with CTX-M type ESBL between humans and yellow-legged gulls in the south of France. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e5958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnedahl J, Stedt J, Waldenstrom J, Svensson L, Drobni M, Olsen B. Comparison of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) CTX-M genotypes in Franklin gulls from Canada and Chile. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0141315.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez J, Johansson A, Stedt J, Bengtsson S, Porczak A, Granholm S, etal. Characterization and comparison of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genotypes and population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and humans in Chile. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e76150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drobni M, Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Haemig P, Olsen B. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15: 838–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnedahl J, Hernandez J, Stedt J, Waldenstrom J, Olsen B, Drobni M. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in gulls, Alaska, USA. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014; 20: 897–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seng P, Drancourt M, Gouriet F, La Scola B, Fournier PE, Rolain JM, etal. Ongoing revolution in bacteriology: routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 49: 543–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kronvall G, Kahlmeter G, Myhre E, Galas MF. A new method for normalized interpretation of antimicrobial resistance from disk test results for comparative purposes. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003; 9: 120–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarlier V, Nicolas MH, Fournier G, Philippon A. Extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases conferring transferable resistance to newer beta-lactam agents in Enterobacteriaceae: hospital prevalence and susceptibility patterns. Rev Infect Dis. 1988; 10: 867–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Polsfuss S, Bloemberg GV, Giger J, Meyer V, Bottger EC, Hombach M. Practical approach for reliable detection of AmpC beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol. 2011; 49: 2798–803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egervärn M, Börjesson S, Byfors S, Finn M, Kaipe C, Englund S, etal. Escherichia coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases or transferable AmpC beta-lactamases and Salmonella on meat imported into Sweden. Int J Food Microbiol. 2014; 171: 8–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hindler JA, Humphries RM. Colistin MIC variability by method for contemporary clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. J Clin Microbiol. 2013; 51: 1678–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y-Y, Wang Y, Walsh TR, Yi L-X, Zhang R, Spencer J, etal. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016; 16: 161–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• 2015 State Agriculture overview: US Department of Agriculture (2016). Available from: https://www.nass.usda.gov/Quick_Stats/Ag_Overview/stateOverview.php?state=ALASKA [cited 18 August 2016]..
   Google Scholar
• Hawkey PM, Jones AM. The changing epidemiology of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009; 64(Suppl 1): i3–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson D, Egea P, Pascual A, López-Cerero L, Navarro M, Adams-Haduch J, etal. Extended-spectrum and CMY-type β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in clinical samples and retail meat from Pittsburgh, USA and Seville, Spain. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010; 16: 33–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandez J, Bonnedahl J, Eliasson I, Wallensten A, Comstedt P, Johansson A, etal. Globally disseminated human pathogenic Escherichia coli of O25b-ST131 clone, harbouring blaCTX-M-15, found in Glaucous-winged gull at remote Commander Islands, Russia. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2010; 2: 329–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar