Risk of resistant avian influenza A virus in wild waterfowl as a result of environmental release of oseltamivir

References

• Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM. Fields’ virology. 2007; 5th ed, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
   Google Scholar
• Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev. 1992; 56: 152–79.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen B, Munster VJ, Wallensten A, Waldenström J, Osterhaus AD, Fouchier RA. Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science. 2006; 312: 384–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brockwell-Staats C, Webster RG, Webby RJ. Diversity of influenza viruses in swine and the emergence of a novel human pandemic influenza A (H1N1). Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2009; 3: 207–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox NJ, Subbarao K. Global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. Annu Rev Med. 2000; 51: 407–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monto AS, Webster RG. Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA. Influenza pandemics: history and lessons learned. Textbook of influenza. 2013; 2nd ed, Oxford, UK: Wiley. 20–34.
   Google Scholar
• To KK, Chan JF, Chen H, Li L, Yuen KY. The emergence of influenza A H7N9 in human beings 16 years after influenza A H5N1: a tale of two cities. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013; 13: 809–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Ghafar AN, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, Hayden FG, Nguyen DH, de Jong MD, etal. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 261–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanner WD, Toth DJ, Gundlapalli AV. The pandemic potential of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: a review. Epidemiol Infect. 2015; 143: 3359–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fiore AE, Uyeki TM, Broder K, Finelli L, Euler GL, Singleton JA, etal. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010; 59: 1–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Partridge J, Kieny MP. Global production of seasonal and pandemic (H1N1) influenza vaccines in 2009–2010 and comparison with previous estimates and global action plan targets. Vaccine. 2010; 28: 4709–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Bresee J. Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA. Pandemic preparedness and response. Textbook of influenza. 2013; 2nd ed, Oxford, UK: Wiley. 453–69.
   Google Scholar
• Webster RG, Govorkova EA. Continuing challenges in influenza. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014; 1323: 115–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• WHO. Meetings of the WHO working group on surveillance of influenza antiviral susceptibility – Geneva, November 2011 and June 2012. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012; 87: 369–74.
   Google Scholar
• Hurt AC, Besselaar TG, Daniels RS, Ermetal B, Fry A, Gubareva L, etal. Global update on the susceptibility of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2014–2015. Antiviral Res. 2016; 132: 178–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ison MG, Hay A. Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA. Antivirals: targets and use. Textbook of influenza. 2013; 2nd ed, Oxford, UK: Wiley. 392–418.
   Google Scholar
• Patel A, Gorman SE. Stockpiling antiviral drugs for the next influenza pandemic. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 86: 241–3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wan Po AL, Farndon P, Palmer N. Maximizing the value of drug stockpiles for pandemic influenza. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009; 15: 1686–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JR, Rayner CR, Donner B, Wollenhaupt M, Klumpp K, Dutkowski R. Oseltamivir in seasonal, pandemic, and avian influenza: a comprehensive review of 10-years clinical experience. Adv Ther. 2011; 28: 927–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell RJ, Haire LF, Stevens DJ, Collins PJ, Lin YP, Blackburn GM, etal. The structure of H5N1 avian influenza neuraminidase suggests new opportunities for drug design. Nature. 2006; 443: 45–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russel RJ, Gamblin SJ, Skehel JJ. Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA. Influenza glycoproteins: hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Textbook of influenza. 2013; 2nd ed, Oxford, UK: Wiley. 67–100.
   Google Scholar
• Samson M, Pizzorno A, Abed Y, Boivin G. Influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors. Antiviral Res. 2013; 98: 174–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKimm-Breschkin JL. Influenza neuraminidase inhibitors: antiviral action and mechanisms of resistance. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2013; 7(Suppl 1): 25–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colman PM, Hoyne PA, Lawrence MC. Sequence and structure alignment of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase with influenza virus neuraminidase. J Virol. 1993; 67: 2972–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferraris O, Lina B. Mutations of neuraminidase implicated in neuraminidase inhibitors resistance. J Clin Virol. 2008; 41: 13–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tai CY, Escarpe PA, Sidwell RW, Williams MA, Lew W, Wu H, etal. Characterization of human influenza virus variants selected in vitro in the presence of the neuraminidase inhibitor GS 4071. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998; 42: 3234–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubareva LV, Robinson MJ, Bethell RC, Webster RG. Catalytic and framework mutations in the neuraminidase active site of influenza viruses that are resistant to 4-guanidino-Neu5Ac2en. J Virol. 1997; 71: 3385–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKimm-Breschkin JL, Sahasrabudhe A, Blick TJ, McDonald M, Colman PM, Hart GJ, etal. Mutations in a conserved residue in the influenza virus neuraminidase active site decreases sensitivity to Neu5Ac2en-derived inhibitors. J Virol. 1998; 72: 2456–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiso M, Mitamura K, Sakai-Tagawa Y, Shiraishi K, Kawakami C, Kimura K, etal. Resistant influenza A viruses in children treated with oseltamivir: descriptive study. Lancet. 2004; 364: 759–65.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley RJ, Boucher CA, Lina B, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Osterhaus A, Schutten M, etal. Global assessment of resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors, 2008–2011: the Influenza Resistance Information Study (IRIS). Clin Infect Dis. 2013; 56: 1197–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gubareva LV, Kaiser L, Matrosovich MN, Soo-Hoo Y, Hayden FG. Selection of influenza virus mutants in experimentally infected volunteers treated with oseltamivir. J Infect Dis. 2001; 183: 523–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jong MD, Tran TT, Truong HK, Vo MH, Smith GJ, Nguyen VC, etal. Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 2667–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu Y, Lu S, Song Z, Wang W, Hao P, Li J, etal. Association between adverse clinical outcome in human disease caused by novel influenza A H7N9 virus and sustained viral shedding and emergence of antiviral resistance. Lancet. 2013; 381: 2273–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eshaghi A, Shalhoub S, Rosenfeld P, Li A, Higgins RR, Stogios PJ, etal. Multiple influenza A (H3N2) mutations conferring resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014; 58: 7188–97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorlund K, Awad T, Boivin G, Thabane L. Systematic review of influenza resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors. BMC Infect Dis. 2011; 11: 134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Vries E, Stelma FF, Boucher CA. Emergence of a multidrug-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 1381–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moscona A. Global transmission of oseltamivir-resistant influenza. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 953–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storms AD, Gubareva LV, Su S, Wheeling JT, Okomo-Adhiambo M, Pan CY, etal. Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infections, United States, 2010–11. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012; 18: 308–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackenby A, Moran Gilad J, Pebody R, Miah S, Calatayud L, Bolotin S, etal. Continued emergence and changing epidemiology of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus, United Kingdom, winter 2010/11. Euro Surveill. 2011; 16: 1–16
   Google Scholar
• Takashita E, Kiso M, Fujisaki S, Yokoyama M, Nakamura K, Shirakura M, etal. Characterization of a large cluster of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses cross-resistant to oseltamivir and peramivir during the 2013–2014 influenza season in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; 59: 2607–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurt AC, Hardie K, Wilson NJ, Deng YM, Osbourn M, Gehrig N, etal. Community transmission of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza. N Engl J Med. 2011; 365: 2541–2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoner TD, Krauss S, Turner JC, Seiler P, Negovetich NJ, Stallknecht DE, etal. Susceptibility of avian influenza viruses of the N6 subtype to the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. Antiviral Res. 2012; 93: 322–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orozovic G, Orozovic K, Järhult JD, Olsen B. Study of oseltamivir and zanamivir resistance-related mutations in influenza viruses isolated from wild mallards in Sweden. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e89306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stoner TD, Krauss S, DuBois RM, Negovetich NJ, Stallknecht DE, Senne DA, etal. Antiviral susceptibility of avian and swine influenza virus of the N1 neuraminidase subtype. J Virol. 2010; 84: 9800–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LIFproduktresumé. Produktresumé FASS Relenza. 2015; LIF: Läkemedelsindustriföreningens Service AB. Available from: http://www.fass.se/LIF/product?userType=0&nplId=19990209000018&docType=3 [cited 18 January 2015]..
   Google Scholar
• Fick J, Lindberg RH, Tysklind M, Haemig PD, Waldenström J, Wallensten A, etal. Antiviral oseltamivir is not removed or degraded in normal sewage water treatment: implications for development of resistance by influenza A virus. PLoS One. 2007; 2: e986.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain S, Kumar P, Vyas RK, Pandit P, Dalai AK. Occurrence and removal of antiviral drugs in environment: a review. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2013; 224: 1–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azuma T, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Synchronous dynamics of observed and predicted values of anti-influenza drugs in environmental waters during a seasonal influenza outbreak. Environ Sci Technol. 2012; 46: 12873–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leknes H, Sturtzel IE, Dye C. Environmental release of oseltamivir from a Norwegian sewage treatment plant during the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. Sci Total Environ. 2012; 414: 632–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer AC, Järhult JD, Grabic R, Khan GA, Lindberg RH, Fedorova G, etal. Intra- and inter-pandemic variations of antiviral, antibiotics and decongestants in wastewater treatment plants and receiving rivers. PLoS One. 2014; 9: e108621.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh GC, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Oseltamivir carboxylate, the active metabolite of oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu), detected in sewage discharge and river water in Japan. Environ Health Perspect. 2010; 118: 103–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasse C, Schlusener MP, Schulz R, Ternes TA. Antiviral drugs in wastewater and surface waters: a new pharmaceutical class of environmental relevance?. Environ Sci Technol. 2010; 44: 1728–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azuma T, Ishiuchi H, Inoyama T, Teranishi Y, Yamaoka M, Sato T, etal. Detection of peramivir and laninamivir, new anti-influenza drugs, in sewage effluent and river waters in Japan. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0131412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tashiro M, McKimm-Breschkin JL, Saito T, Klimov A, Macken C, Zambon M, etal. Surveillance for neuraminidase-inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses in Japan, 1996–2007. Antivir Ther. 2009; 14: 751–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffman-La-RocheINC. Pediatric Advisory Committee Briefing Document for Tamiflu® (RO 64-0796) PAC Briefing Document. 2007; Nutley, New Jersey: Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Söderström H, Järhult JD, Olsen B, Lindberg RH, Tanaka H, Fick J. Detection of the antiviral drug oseltamivir in aquatic environments. PLoS One. 2009; 4: e6064.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takanami R, Ozaki H, Giri RR, Taniguchi S, Hayashi S. Detection of antiviral drugs oseltamivir phosphate and oseltamivir carboxylate in Neya River, Osaka Japan. J Water Environ Technol. 2010; 8: 363–72.
   Google Scholar
• Takanami R, Ozaki H, Giri RR, Taniguchi S, Hayashi S. Antiviral drugs zanamivir and oseltamivir found in wastewater and surface water in Osaka, Japan. J Water Environ Technol. 2012; 10: 57–68.
   Google Scholar
• Ghosh GC, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Occurrence and fate of oseltamivir carboxylate (Tamiflu) and amantadine in sewage treatment plants. Chemosphere. 2010; 81: 13–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Azuma T, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Mass balance of anti-influenza drugs discharged into the Yodo River system, Japan, under an influenza outbreak. Chemosphere. 2013; 93: 1672–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer AC, Järhult JD, Grabic R, Khan GA, Fedorova G, Fick J, etal. Compliance to oseltamivir among two populations in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom affected by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, November 2009 – a waste water epidemiology study. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e60221.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goncalves C, Perez S, Osorio V, Petrovic M, Alpendurada MF, Barcelo D. Photofate of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and oseltamivir carboxylate under natural and simulated solar irradiation: kinetics, identification of the transformation products, and environmental occurrence. Environ Sci Technol. 2011; 45: 4307–14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen WY, Lin CJ, Liao CM. Assessing exposure risks for aquatic organisms posed by Tamiflu use under seasonal influenza and pandemic conditions. Environ Pollut. 2014; 184: 377–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Straub JO. An environmental risk assessment for oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for sewage works and surface waters under seasonal-influenza- and pandemic-use conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009; 72: 1625–34.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer AC, Johnson AC, Anderson PD, Snyder SA. Reassessing the risks of Tamiflu use during a pandemic to the Lower Colorado River. Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116: A285–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singer AC, Nunn MA, Gould EA, Johnson AC. Potential risks associated with the proposed widespread use of Tamiflu. Environ Health Perspect. 2007; 115: 102–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartels P, von Tumpling W Jr. The environmental fate of the antiviral drug oseltamivir carboxylate in different waters. Sci Total Environ. 2008; 405: 215–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boreen AL, Arnold WA, McNeill K. Photodegradation of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment: a review. Aquat Sci. 2003; 65: 320–41.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Accinelli C, Sacca ML, Fick J, Mencarelli M, Lindberg R, Olsen B. Dissipation and removal of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) in different aquatic environments. Chemosphere. 2010; 79: 891–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Accinelli C, Caracciolo AB, Grenni P. Degradation of the antiviral drug oseltamivir carboxylate in surface water samples. Int J Environ Anal Chem. 2007; 87: 579–87.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slater FR, Singer AC, Turner S, Barr JJ, Bond PL. Pandemic pharmaceutical dosing effects on wastewater treatment: no adaptation of activated sludge bacteria to degrade the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu(R)) and loss of nutrient removal performance. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2011; 315: 17–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacca ML, Accinelli C, Fick J, Lindberg R, Olsen B. Environmental fate of the antiviral drug Tamiflu in two aquatic ecosystems. Chemosphere. 2009; 75: 28–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Accinelli C, Saccà ML, Batisson I, Fick J, Mencarelli M, Grabic R. Removal of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and other selected pharmaceuticals from wastewater using a granular bioplastic formulation entrapping propagules of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chemosphere. 2010; 81: 436–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mestankova H, Schirmer K, Escher BI, von Gunten U, Canonica S. Removal of the antiviral agent oseltamivir and its biological activity by oxidative processes. Environ Pollut. 2012; 161: 30–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fedorova G, Grabic R, Nyhlen J, Järhult JD, Söderström H. Fate of three anti-influenza drugs during ozonation of wastewater effluents – degradation and formation of transformation products. Chemosphere. 2016; 150: 723–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munster VJ, Baas C, Lexmond P, Waldenström J, Wallensten A, Fransson T, etal. Spatial, temporal, and species variation in prevalence of influenza A viruses in wild migratory birds. PLoS Pathog. 2007; 3: e61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss S, Walker D, Pryor SP, Niles L, Chenghong L, Hinshaw VS, etal. 2004. Influenza A viruses of migrating wild aquatic birds in North America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2004; 4: 177–89.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fouchier RAM, Guan Y. Webster RG, Monto AS, Braciale TJ, Lamb RA. Ecology and evolution of influenza viruses in wild and domesticated birds. Textbook of influenza. 2013; Oxford, UK: Wiley. 175–89.
   Google Scholar
• Latorre-Margalef N, Tolf C, Grosbois V, Avril A, Bengtsson D, Wille M, etal. Long-term variation in influenza A virus prevalence and subtype diversity in migratory mallards in northern Europe. Proc Biol Sci. 2014; 281: 20140098.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaidet N, Ould El Mamy AB, Cappelle J, Caron A, Cumming GS, Grosbois V, etal. Investigating avian influenza infection hotspots in old-world shorebirds. PLoS One. 2012; 7: e46049.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krauss S, Stallknecht DE, Negovetich NJ, Niles LJ, Webby RJ, Webster RG. Coincident ruddy turnstone migration and horseshoe crab spawning creates an ecological ‘hot spot’ for influenza viruses. Proc Biol Sci. 2010; 277: 3373–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jourdain E, Gunnarsson G, Wahlgren J, Latorre-Margalef N, Bröjer C, Sahlin S, etal. Influenza virus in a natural host, the mallard: experimental infection data. PLoS One. 2010; 5: e8935.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Latorre-Margalef N, Gunnarsson G, Munster VJ, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Elmberg J, etal. Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks. Proc Biol Sci. 2009; 276: 1029–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallensten A, Munster VJ, Karlsson M, Lundkvist Å, Brytting M, Stervander M, etal. High prevalence of influenza A virus in ducks caught during spring migration through Sweden. Vaccine. 2006; 24: 6734–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill NJ, Takekawa JY, Ackerman JT, Hobson KA, Herring G, Cardona CJ, etal. Migration strategy affects avian influenza dynamics in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Mol Ecol. 2012; 21: 5986–99.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis NS, Verhagen JH, Javakhishvili Z, Russell CA, Lexmond P, Westgeest KB, etal. Influenza A virus evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics in Eurasian wild birds: a phylogenetic and phylogeographical study of whole-genome sequence data. J Gen Virol. 2015; 96: 2050–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dugan VG, Chen R, Spiro DJ, Sengamalay N, Zaborsky J, Ghedin E, etal. The evolutionary genetics and emergence of avian influenza viruses in wild birds. PLoS Pathog. 2008; 4: e1000076.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Holmes EC. Hitchhiking and the population genetic structure of avian influenza virus. J Mol Evol. 2010; 70: 98–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Russell CA, Fonville JM, Brown AE, Burke DF, Smith DL, James SL, etal. The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host. Science. 2012; 336: 1541–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen R, Holmes EC. Avian influenza virus exhibits rapid evolutionary dynamics. Mol Biol Evol. 2006; 23: 2336–41.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrest HL, Webster RG. Perspectives on influenza evolution and the role of research. Anim Health Res Rev. 2010; 11: 3–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Järhult JD, Muradrasoli S, Wahlgren J, Söderström H, Orozovic G, Gunnarsson G, etal. Environmental levels of the antiviral oseltamivir induce development of resistance mutation H274Y in influenza A/H1N1 virus in mallards. PLoS One. 2011; 6: e24742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Achenbach JE, Bowen RA. Effect of oseltamivir carboxylate consumption on emergence of drug-resistant H5N2 avian influenza virus in Mallard ducks. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013; 57: 2171–81.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman A, Muradrasoli S, Söderström H, Nordh J, Bröjer C, Lindberg RH, etal. Resistance mutation R292K is induced in influenza A(H6N2) virus by exposure of infected mallards to low levels of oseltamivir. PLoS One. 2013; 8: e71230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman A, Nykvist M, Muradrasoli S, Söderström H, Wille M, Daggfeldt A, etal. Influenza A(H7N9) virus acquires resistance-related neuraminidase I222T substitution when infected mallards are exposed to low levels of oseltamivir in water. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015; 59: 5196–202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman A, Muradrasoli S, Söderström H, Holmberg F, Latorre-Margalef N, Tolf C, etal. Oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) virus strain with an H274Y mutation in neuraminidase persists without drug pressure in infected mallards. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2015; 81: 2378–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gillman A, Muradrasoli S, Mardnas A, Söderström H, Fedorova G, Lowenthal M, etal. Oseltamivir resistance in influenza A(H6N2) caused by an R292K substitution in neuraminidase is not maintained in mallards without drug pressure. PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0139415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloom JD, Gong LI, Baltimore D. Permissive secondary mutations enable the evolution of influenza oseltamivir resistance. Science. 2010; 328: 1272–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duan S, Govorkova EA, Bahl J, Zaraket H, Baranovich T, Seiler P, etal. Epistatic interactions between neuraminidase mutations facilitated the emergence of the oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza viruses. Nat Commun. 2014; 5: 5029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler J, Hooper KA, Petrie S, Lee R, Maurer-Stroh S, Reh L, etal. Estimating the fitness advantage conferred by permissive neuraminidase mutations in recent oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2014; 10: e1004065.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar