Municipal water quantities and health in Nunavut households: an exploratory case study in Coral Harbour, Nunavut, Canada

References

• Howard G, Bartram J. Domestic water quantity, service level and health. 2003; Geneva: World Health Organization.
   Google Scholar
• Harper S, Edge V, Shuster-Wallace C, Berke O, McEwen S. Weather, water quality and infectious gastrointestinal illness in two Inuit communities in Nunatsiavut, Canada: potential implications for climate change. EcoHealth. 2011; 8: 93–108.
   Google Scholar
• Martin D, Bélanger D, Gosselin P, Brazaeu J, Furgal C, Déry S. Drinking water and potential threats to human health in Nunavik: adaptation strategies under climate change conditions. Arctic. 2007; 60: 195–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White D, Gerlach S, Loring P, Tidwell A, Chambers M. Food and water security in a changing arctic climate. Environ Res Lett. 2007; 2: 4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjerregaard P, Young K, Dewailly E, Ebbesson S. Indigenous health in the Arctic: an overview of the circumpolar Inuit population. Scand J Public Health. 2004; 32: 390–5.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis E, Miron M, Gallant V, Phypers M, Scholten D. Special report of the Canadian Tuberculosis Committee: tuberculosis among the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, 2000–2004. 2007; Ottawa, ON: Public Health Agency of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Goodman K, Jacobson K, Veldhuyzen van Zanten S. Helicobacter pylori infection in Canadian and related Arctic Aboriginal populations. Can J Gastroenterol. 2008; 22: 289–95. [PubMed Abstract] [PubMed CentralFull Text].
   Google Scholar
• Carraher S, Chang HJ, Munday R, Goodman KJ, CANHelp Working Group . Helicobacter pylori incidence and re-infection in the Aklavik H. pylori project. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013; 72(Suppl 1): 651–7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daloo A, Sobol I, Palacios C, Muluey M, Gravel D, Panaro C. Investigation of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a remote northern community, Nunavut, Canada. Can Commun Dis Rep. 2008; 35: 1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Hennessy T, Ritter T, Holman R, Bruden D, Yorita K, Bulkow L, etal. The relationship between in-home water service and the risk of respiratory tract, skin, and gastrointestinal tract infections among rural Alaska natives. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98: 2072–8.
   Google Scholar
• McKeown I, Orr P, Macdonald S, Kabani A, Brown R, Coglhan G, etal. Helicobacter pylori in the Canadian Arctic: seroprevalence and detection in community water samples. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94: 1823–9.
   Google Scholar
• Loring P, Gerlach S, Huntington H. The new environmental security: linking food, water and energy for integrative and diagnostic social-ecological research. J Agric Food Syst Community Dev. 2013; 3: 55–61.
   Google Scholar
• Bakker K. Water security: research challenges and opportunities. Science. 2012; 337: 914–5.
   Google Scholar
• Cook C, Bakker K. Water security: debating an emerging paradigm. Global Environ Change. 2012; 22: 92–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eichelberger LP. Living in utility scarcity: energy and water insecurity in Northwest Alaska. Am J Public Health. 2010; 100: 1010–8.
   Google Scholar
• Dudarev A, Dushkina E, Sladkova Y, Alloyarov P, Chupakhin V, Dorofeyev V, etal. Food and water security issues in Russia II: water security in general population of Russian Arctic, Siberia and Far East, 2000–2011. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013; 72: 22646. [PubMed Abstract].
   Google Scholar
• Goldfarb D, Dixon B, Moldovan I, Barrowman N, Mattison K, Zentner C, etal. Nanolitre real-time PCR detection of bacterial, parasitic, and viral agents from patients with diarrhoea in Nunavut, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2013; 72: 19903.
   Google Scholar
• Michael M. Effects of municipal services on public health in the Northwest Territories. [dissertation]. 1984; Toronto (Canada): University of Toronto. 334 p.
   Google Scholar
• Smith DW. Smith DW. Section 1, introduction. Cold regions utilities monograph. 1996; Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. 1.1–1.6. 2nd ed.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson BA, Heinke GW. The effect of municipal services on public health in the Northwest Territories. 1990; Yellowknife, NT: Department of Municipal and Community Affairs Government of Northwest Territories. 81 p.
   Google Scholar
• Smith DW. Smith DW. Section 5, water source development. Cold regions utilities monograph. 1996; Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. 5.1–5.36. 3rd ed.
   Google Scholar
• Damas D. Arctic migrants, Arctic villagers: the transformation of Inuit settlements in the central Arctic. 2002; Montreal, QC: McGill-Queen's University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Coral Harbour Nunavut and Keewatin Nunavut: Census profile 2011 Census (98-316-XWE). 2012; Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Summary tables: population, urban and rural, by province and territory, 2009. 2009; Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Minich K, Saudny H, Lennie C, Wood M, Williamson-Bathory L, Cao Z, etal. Inuit housing and homelessness: results from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey 2007–2008. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2011; 70: 520–31.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. An analysis of the housing needs in Nunavut: Nunavut Housing Needs Survey 2009/2010. 2010; Iqaluit, NU: Nunavut Housing Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Statistics Canada. Coral Harbour Nunavut: aboriginal population profile 2006 Census (92-594-XWE). 2007; Ottawa, ON: Government of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Marshall M. Sampling in qualitative research. Fam Pract. 1996; 13: 522–6.
   Google Scholar
• Bradshaw M, Stratford E. Hay I. Qualitative research design and rigour. Qualitative research methods in human geography. 2005; Toronto: Oxford. 67–76. 2nd ed.
   Google Scholar
• Kvale S. Interviews: an introduction to qualitative research interviewing. 1996; Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Richards L. Handling qualitative data: a practical guide. 2005; Thousand Oaks: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Boeije H. A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Qual Quant. 2002; 36: 391–409.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fereday J, Muir-Cochrane E. Demonstrating rigor using thematic analysis: a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development. Int J Qual Methods. 2006; 5: 80–92.
   Google Scholar
• Nickels S, Shirley J, Laidler G. Negotiating research relationships with Inuit communities: a guide for researchers. 2006; Ottawa: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Nunavut Research Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Baxter J, Eyles J. Evaluating qualitative research in social geography: establishing “rigour” in interview analysis. Trans Inst Br Geogr. 1997; 22: 505–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Environment Canada. Water withdrawal use: water use in the home. 2004; Ottawa: Government of Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Bjerregaard P, Berner J, Øyvind J. Young K, Bjerregaard P. Chapter 10: environment and living conditions. Health transitions in Arctic populations. 2008; Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 173–91.
   Google Scholar
• Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Johnson K. National Inuit position paper regarding the CCME Canada-wide strategy for the management of wastewater effluent and Environment Canada's proposed regulatory framework for wastewater. 2008; Ottawa: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami.
   Google Scholar
• Lam B, Livingston T. Active research into passive systems: a study of wastewater in Nunavut. J Northern Territories Water Waste Assoc. 2011. ;7:42–5 [cited 2014 Jan 16]. Available from: http://www.ntwwa.com/journal.asp.
   Google Scholar
• Reading C, Wien F. Health inequalities and social determinants of aboriginal peoples’ health. 2009; Prince George, BC: National Collaborating Centre for Aboriginal Health.
   Google Scholar
• Tait H. Aboriginal peoples survey: Inuit health and social conditions (89-637-X no.001). 2008; Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada.
   Google Scholar
• Laracombe L, Nickerson P, Singer M, Robson R, Dantouze J, McKay L, etal. Housing conditions in 2 Canadian First Nations communities. Int J Circumpolar Health. 2011; 70: 141–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar