Cryptic Streptococcus mutans 5.6-kb plasmids encode a toxin–antitoxin system for plasmid stabilization

References

• Caufield PW, Wannemuehler YM, Hansen JB. Familial clustering of the Streptococcus mutans cryptic plasmid strain in a dental clinic population. Infect Immun. 1982; 38: 785–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macrina FL, Reider JL, Virgili SS, Kopecko DJ. Survey of the extra chromosomal gene pool of Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun. 1977; 17: 215–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Shah G, Hollingshead SK, Parrot M, Lavoie MC. Evidence that mutacin II production is not mediated by a 5.6-kb plasmid in Streptococcus mutans. Plasmid. 1990; 24: 110–8. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Noji S, Date S, Abiko Y, Takiguchi H, Taniguchi S. Cloning and characterization of Streptococcus mutans LM7 plasmid pAM7. Infect Immun. 1987; 55: 2538–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Childers NK, Allen DN, Hansen JB. Distinct bacteriocin groups correlate with different groups of Streptococcus mutans plasmids. Infect Immun. 1985; 48: 51–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caufield PW, Ratanapridakul K, Allen DN, Cutter GR. Plasmid-containing strains of Streptococcus mutans cluster within family and racial cohorts: implications for natural transmission. Infect Immun. 1988; 56: 3216–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zou X, Caufield PW, Li Y, Qi F. Complete nucleotide sequence and characterization of pUA140, a cryptic plasmid from Streptococcus mutans. Plasmid. 2001; 46: 77–85. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Maisonneuve E, Shakespeare LJ, Jorgensen MG, Gerdes K. Bacterial persistence by RNA endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108: 13206–11. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuroda A, Murphy H, Cashel M, Kornberg A. Guanosine tetra– and pentaphosphate promote accumulation of inorganic polyphosphate in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272: 21240–3. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerdes K, Christensen SK, Lobner-Olesen A. Prokaryotic toxin–antitoxin stress response loci. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005; 3: 371–82. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah GR, Caufield PW. Enhanced transformation of Streptococcus mutans by modifications in culture conditions. Anal Biochem. 1993; 214: 343–6. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Roy A, Kucukural A, Zhang Y. I-TASSER: a unified platform for automated protein structure and function prediction. Nat Protoc. 2010; 5: 725–38. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang Y. I-TASSER server for protein 3D structure prediction. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008; 9: 40. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horz HP, Scheer S, Huenger F, Vianna ME, Conrads G. Selective isolation of bacterial DNA from human clinical specimens. J Microbiol Methods. 2008; 72: 98–102. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shao Y, Harrison EM, Bi D, Tai C, He X, Ou HY, et al.. TADB: a web-based resource for Type 2 toxin–antitoxin loci in bacteria and archaea. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011; 39: D606–11. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Song L, Sudhakar P, Wang W, Conrads G, Brock A, Sun J, et al.. A genome-wide study of two-component signal transduction systems in eight newly sequenced mutans streptococci strains. BMC Genomics. 2012; 13: 128. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunny GM, Birch N, Hascall G, Clewell DB. Isolation and characterization of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptococcus mutans. J Bacteriol. 1973; 114: 1362–4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen JB, Abiko Y, Curtiss R3rd. Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans plasmid pva318 cloned into Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 1981; 31: 1034–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith AJ, Quivey RGJr, Faustoferri RC. Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the Streptococcus mutans membrane-bound, proton-translocating ATPase operon. Gene. 1996; 183: 87–96. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• del Solar G, Moscoso M, Espinosa M. In vivo definition of the functional origin of replication (ori(+)) of the promiscuous plasmid pLS1. Mol Gen Genet. 1993; 237: 65–72.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• del Solar G, Moscoso M, Espinosa M. Rolling circle-replicating plasmids from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria: a wall falls. Mol Microbiol. 1993; 8: 789–96. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rasooly A, Novick RP. Replication-specific inactivation of the pT181 plasmid initiator protein. Science. 1993; 262: 1048–50. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• del Solar G, Giraldo R, Ruiz-Echevarria MJ, Espinosa M, Diaz-Orejas R. Replication and control of circular bacterial plasmids. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998; 62: 434–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gruss A, Ehrlich SD. The family of highly interrelated single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids. Microbiol Rev. 1989; 53: 231–41.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Guglielmini J, Van Melderen L. Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: translation inhibitors everywhere. Mob Genet Elements. 2011; 1: 283–90. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mochizuki A, Yahara K, Kobayashi I, Iwasa Y. Genetic addiction: selfish gene's strategy for symbiosis in the genome. Genetics. 2006; 172: 1309–23. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Van Melderen L, Saavedra De Bast M. Bacterial toxin–antitoxin systems: more than selfish entities?. PLoS Genet ; : e. 2009; 5: 1000437. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper TF, Heinemann JA. Selection for plasmid post-segregational killing depends on multiple infection: evidence for the selection of more virulent parasites through parasite-level competition. Proc Biol Sci. 2005; 272: 403–10. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Cooper TF, Paixao T, Heinemann JA. Within-host competition selects for plasmid-encoded toxin–antitoxin systems. Proc Biol Sci. 2010; 277: 3149–55. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Nordstrom K, Austin SJ. Mechanisms that contribute to the stable segregation of plasmids. Annu Rev Genet. 1989; 23: 37–69. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung V, Levesque CM. A stress-inducible quorum-sensing peptide mediates the formation of persister cells with noninherited multidrug tolerance. J Bacteriol. 2012; 194: 2265–74. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lemos JA, Brown TAJr, Abranches J, Burne RA. Characteristics of Streptococcus mutans strains lacking the MazEF and RelBE toxin–antitoxin modules. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2005; 253: 251–7. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   Google Scholar
• Gotfredsen M, Gerdes K. The Escherichia coli relBE genes belong to a new toxin–antitoxin gene family. Mol Microbiol. 1998; 29: 1065–76. 10.3402/jom.v5i0.19729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Clewell DB. Plasmids, drug resistance, and gene transfer in the genus Streptococcus. Microbiol Rev. 1981; 45: 409–36.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murchison HH, Barrett JF, Cardineau GA, Curtiss R3rd. Transformation of Streptococcus mutans with chromosomal and shuttle plasmid (pYA629) DNAs. Infect Immun. 1986; 54: 273–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar