586
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Oil-weathering behavior in Arctic environments

, &
Pages 631-662 | Published online: 16 Dec 2016

References

  • Aagaard, K. 1984: Currents, CTD and pressure measurements in possible dispersal regions of the Chukchi Sea. NOAA/ OCSEAP Final Report, RU 91. 77 pp.
  • Armstrong, T. E., Roberts, B. B. & Swithinbank, C. W. M. 1966: Illustrated glossary of snow and ice. Spec. Publ. 4, 18. Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, England.
  • Barber. F. G. 1970: Report of the task force: operation oil (Cleanup of ARROW oil spill in Chedabucto Bay), Vol. 35-54. Canada Ministry of Transport, Ottawa, Cat. No. T22-2470.
  • Barnes, P., Reimnitz, E., Toimil L. & Hill, H. 1979: U.S. Geol. Surv. Open-File Rept. 79-539.
  • Bartha, R. & Atlas, R. M. 1987: Transport and transformations of petroleum: biological processes. Pp. 287-341 in Boesch, D. F. & Rabalais, N. N. (eds.): Long-term environmental effects of offshore oil and gas development. Elsevier Applied Science. London and New York.
  • Bauer, J. & Martin, S. 1983: A model of grease ice growth in small leads. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 2917–2925.
  • Berridge, S. A. Dean, R. A., Fallows, R. G. & Fish, A. 1968a: The properties of persistent oils at sea. Pp. 2-11 in Hcpple, P. (ed.): Proceedings of a symposium, scientific aspects of pollution of the sea by oil. Institute of Petroleum, London.
  • Berridge, S. A., Thew, M. T. & Loriston-Clarke, A. G. 1968b: The formation and stability of emulsions of water in crude petroleum and similar rocks. J. Inst. Petroleum 54,333–357.
  • Boehm, P. D. 1987: Hydrocarbon and metal pollutants in offshore sedimentary environments. Pp. 233-286 in Boesch, D. F. & Rabalais, N. N. (eds.): Long-term environmental effects of offshore oil and gas development. Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.
  • Bridle, A. L., Wanders, Th. H., Zegveld, W. & Van der Heijde, H. B. 1980a: The formation, prevention and breaking of sea-water-in crude-oil emulsions: “chocolate mousse”. Pp. 33-39 in Mackay, D., Wells, P.G. & Paterson. S. (eds.): Chemical Dispersion of Oil Spills: An International Research Symposium, Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Nov. 17-19, 1980). Pub. No. EE-17.
  • Bridie, A. L., Wanders, Th. H., Zegveld, W. & Van der Heijde, H. B. 1980b: Formation, prevention and breaking of sea water in crude oil emulsions “chocolate mousses”. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2, 343-348.
  • Canevari, G. P. 1985: The effect of crude oil composition on dispersant performance. Proceedings of the 1985 Oil Spill Conference, 441-444. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.
  • C-Core, 1975: An oil spill in pack ice. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Newfoundland.
  • Clark, R. C. & Brown, D. W. 1977: Petroleum: properties and analyses in biotic and abiotic systems. Pp. 1-89 in Malins, D. C. (ed.): Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms, Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.
  • Clark, R. C. & MacLeod, W. D. 1977: Inputs, transport mechanisms and observed concentrations of petroleum in the marine environment. Pp. 91-223 in Malins, D. C. (ed.): Effects of petroleum on arctic and subarctic marine environments and organisms, Vol I. Academic Press, New York.
  • Coleman, H. J., Shelton, E. M., Nichols, D. T. & Thompson, C. I. 1978: Analysis of 800 Crude Oils from United States Oil Fields. BETC/PRI-7814, Bartlesville Energy Technology Center, Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
  • Cox, J. C., Schultz, L. A., Johnson, R. P. & Shelsby, R. A. 1981: The transport and behavior of oil spilled in and under sea ice. Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf, Final Reports, Physical Science Studies 3, 427-597. NOAA/OCSEAP, Boulder, Colorado.
  • Garrison, G. R. 1977: Oceanographic measurements in the Chukchi Sea and Baffin Bay-1976. APL—University of Washington Technical Report 7710. 44 pp.
  • Gold. P. I. 1969: Estimating Thermophysical Properties of Liquid, Part 10: Viscosity. Chemical Engineering 76 (15), 121–124.
  • Hachmeister, L. E. & Vinelli, J. B. 1985: Nearshore and coastal circulation in the northeastern Chukchi Sea. In Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf, Final reports of principal investigators. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Outer Continental Shelf Environmental Assessment Program: Anchorage, Alaska. 93 pp.
  • Hachmeister, L. E., Short, K. S., Schrader, G. D., Winnick, K. B. & Johannessen, J. W. 1985: Oceanographic Monitoring. In 1985 Final Report for the Endicott Environmental Monitoring Program, Vol. 3., 1986, Prepared for the U.S. Department of the Army, Alaska District, Corps of Engineers by Envirosphere Co., Bellevue, Washington. 160 pp.
  • Haines, J. R. & Alexander, M. 1974: Microbial degradation of high-molecular weight alkanes. Appl. Microbiol. 28, 1084–1085.
  • Jordan, R. E. & Payne, J. R. 1980: Fate and weathering of petroleum spills in the marine environment: A literature review and synopsis. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 174 pp.
  • Kovats, von E. 1958: Gas-chromatographische charakter-isierung organischer verbindungen, Teil 1: Retentionsindices aliphatischer halogenide, alkohole, aldehyde und ketone. Helvetica Chimica Ada 260, 1915–1932.
  • Martin, S. 1979: A field study of brine drainage and oil entrainment in first-year sea ice. J. Glaciol. 22, 473–502.
  • Martin, S. 1981a: Anticipated oil-ice interactions in the Bering Sea. Pp 223-243 in Hood, D. W. & Calder, J. A. (eds.): The eastern Bering Sea shelf: oceanography and resources, Vol. I, University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington.
  • Martin, S. 1981b: Frazil ice in rivers and oceans. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 13, 379–397.
  • Martin, S. & Kauffman, P. 1981: A field and laboratory study of wave damping by grease ice. J. Glaciol. 27, 283-314. NAS 1985: Oil in the sea: inputs, fates and effects. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 601 pp.
  • NAS 1989: Using oil spill dispersants on the sea. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 335 pp.
  • NORCOR 1975: The interaction of crude oil with Arctic sea ice. Beaufort Sea Technical Report No. 27. Beaufort Sea Project, Environment Canada, Victoria, B.C., Canada.
  • Payne, J. R. & Floyd, M. S. 1990: Petroleum and chlorinated hydrocarbon analysis in support of in vitro studies of natural anaerobic and aerobic microbial degradation of xenobiotics in contaminated groundwater and soil. Intern. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 39, 101–120.
  • Payne, J. R. & McNabb, Jr., G. D. 1984: Weathering of petroleum in the marine environment. Marine Technology Soc. J. 18 (3), 24–42.
  • Payne, J. R. & Phillips, C. R. 1985a: Petroleum spills in the marine environment: the chemistry and formation of water-inoil emulsions and tar balls. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, Michigan. 150 pp.
  • Payne, J. R. & Phillips, C. R. 1985b: Photochemistry of pet-roleum in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19 (7), 569–579.
  • Payne, J. R., Kirstein, B. E., McNabb, Jr., G. D., Lambach, J. L., de Oliveira, C., Jordan, R. E. & Horn, W. 1983: Multivariate analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon weathering in the subarctic marine environment. Proceedings of the 1983 Oil Spill Conference, 423-434. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.
  • Payne, J. R., Kirstein, B. E., McNabb, Jr., G. D., Lambach, J. L., Redding, R., Jordan, R. E., Horn, W., de Oliveira, C., Smith, G. S., Baxter, D. M. & Geagel, R. 1984: Multivariate analysis of petroleum weathering in the marine environment—subarctic. Vol. I & II. In Environmental assessment of the Alaskan continental shelf, final reports of principal investigators. U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 21 & 22 (1984). 690 pp.
  • Payne, J. R., McNabb, Jr., G. D., Hachmeister, L. E., Kirstein, B. E., Clayton, Jr., J. R., Phillips, C. R., Redding, R. T., Clary, C. L. Smith, G. S. & Farmer, G. H. 1987a: Development of a predictive model for the weathering of oil in the presence of sea ice. Outer continental shelf environmental assessment program, final reports of principal investigators, 147-465. U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 59 (1988).
  • Payne, J. R., Kirstein, B. E., Clayton, Jr., J. R., Clary, C., Redding, R., McNabb, Jr., G. D. & Farmer, G. 1987b: Integration of suspended particulate matter and oil transportation study. Final report submitted to Minerals Management Service, Environmental Studies Branch, Anchorage, Alaska. (MMS Contract No. 14-12-0001-30146). 261 pp.
  • Payne, J. R., Phillips, C. R. & Horn, W. 1987c: Transport and transformations: water column processes. Pp. 175-231 in Boesch, D. F. & Rabalais, N. N. (eds.): Long-term environmental effects of off-shore oil and gas development. Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York.
  • Payne, J. R., Clayton, Jr., J. R., McNabb, Jr., G. D., Kirstein, B. E., Clary, C. L., Redding, R. T., Evans. J. S., Reimnitz, E. & Kempema, E. W. 1989: Oil-ice-sediment interactions during freezeup and breakup. Outer continental shelf environ-mental assessment program, final reports of principal inves-tigators, 1-382. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA, OCSEAP Final Rep. 64 (1989).
  • Payne, J. R., Clayton, Jr., J. R., McNabb, Jr., G. D. & Kirstein, B. E. 1991a: EXXON VALDEZ oil weathering fate and behavior: model predictions and field observations. Proceedings of the 1991 Oil Spill Conference. 641-654. American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.
  • Payne, J. R., Hachmeister, L. E., McNabb, Jr., G. D., Sharpe, H. E., Smith, G. S. & Manen, C. A. 1991b: Brine induced advection of dissolved aromatic hydrocarbons to arctic bottom waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25 (5), 940-951.
  • Pirnik, M. P. 1977: Microbial oxidation of methyl branched alkanes. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 5, 413–422.
  • Thomas, D. R. 1980: Behavior of oil spills under sea ice—Prudhoe Bay. Flow Research Report No. 175. Flow Research Co., Kent, Washington. 124 pp.
  • Twardus, E. M. 1980: A study to evaluate the combustibility and other physical and chemical properties of aged oils and emulsions. R & D Division, Environmental Emergency Branch, Environmental Impact Control Directorate, Environmental Protection Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
  • Weeks, W. F. & Weller, G. 1984: Offshore oil in the Alaskan Arctic. Science 225, 371–378.