UV-B induced immunomodulation: a health risk

References

• Benrath, J., Eschenfelder, C., Zimmermann, M. & Gillardon, F. 1995: Calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and nitric oxide are involved in cutaneous inflammation following ultraviolet irradiation. Ear. J. Pharmacol. 293, 87-96.
   Google Scholar
• De Fabo, E. C. & Noonan, F. P. 1983: Mechanism of immunosuppression by ultraviolet irradiation in vivo. 1. Evidence for the existence of a unique photoreceptor in skin and its role in photoimmunology. J. Exp. Med. 158, 84–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Fabo, E. C., Noonan, F. P. & Frederick, J. E. 1990: Biologically effective doses of sunlight for immune suppres-sion at various latitudes and their relationship to changes in stratospheric ozone. Photochem. Photobiol. 52, 811–817.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denkins, Y. M. & Kripke, M. L. 1993: Effect of UV irradiation on lethal infection of mice with Candida albicans. Photo-chem. Photobiol. 57, 266-271.
   Google Scholar
• Garssen, J., Van Der Vliet, H., De Klerk, A., Goettsch, W., Dormans, J. A. M. A., Bruggeman, C. A., Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. & Van Loveren, H. 1995: A rat cytonnegalovirus infection model as a tool for immunotoxicity testing. Eur. J. Pharmacol. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. Sect. 292, 223–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garssen, J., Norval, M., El-Ghorr, A., Gibbs, N. K., Jones, C. D., Cerimele, D., De Simone, C., Caffierri, S., DallAcqua, F., De Gruijl, F. R., Sontag, Y. & Van Loveren, H. 1998: J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 42, 167–179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garssen, J., Buckley, T. L. & Van Loveren, H. 1998: A role for neuropeptides in UVB-induced systemic immunosuppres-sion. Photochem. Photobiol. 68, 205–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giannini, M. S. H. 1986: Suppression of pathogenesis in cutaneous leishmaniasis by UV-irradiation. Infect. hnmunol. 51, 838–846.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettsch, W., Garssen, J., De Klerk, A., Herremans, M. P. M. T., Dortant, P., De Gruijl, F. R. & Van Loveren, H. 1996: Effects of ultraviolet-B exposure on the resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in the rat. Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 672–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettsch, W., Garssen, J., De Gruijl, F. R. & Van Loveren, H. 1996: UVB-induced decreased resistance to Trichinella spiralis in the rat is related to impaired cellular immunity. Photochem. Photobiol. 64, 581–585.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettsch, W., Garssen, J., Slob, W., De Gruijl, F. R. & Van Loveren, H. 1998: Risk assessment for the harmful effects of UVB radiation on the immunological resistance to infectious diseases. Env. Health Perspectives 106, 71–77.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goettsch, W., Hurks, H. M. H., Garssen, J., Mommaas, A. M., Slob, W., Hoekman, J., Pierik, P., Roholl, P. J. M. & Van Loveren, H. 1998: Comparative immunotoxicology of ultraviolet B exposure. I. Effects of in vitro and in situ ultraviolet B exposure on the functional activity and morphology of Langerhans cells in the skin of different species. Br. J. Dermatol. 139, 230–238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurks, M., Garssen, J., Van Loveren, H. & Vermeer, B.-J. 1994: General aspects of UV-irradiation on the immune system. In G. Joni et al. (eds.): Photobiology in medicine. Pp. 161-175. New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• Hurks, H. M. H., Out-Luiting, C., Vermeer, B.-J., Claas, F. H. J. & Mommaas, A. M. 1995: The action spectra for UV-induced suppression of MLR and MECLR show that immunosuppres-sion is mediated by DNA damage. Photochem. Photobiol. 62, 449–453.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeevan, A. & Kripke, M. L. 1989: Alteration of immune responses to Mycobacteriutn bovis BCG in mice exposed chronically to low doses of UV radiation. Cell. Immunol. 145, 2087–2091.
   Google Scholar
• Jeevan, A., Ullrich, S. E., Dizon, V. & Kripke, M. L. 1992: Supernatants of ultraviolet-irradiated keratinocytes decrease the resistance and delayed type hypersensitivity response to Mycobacterium boyis bacillus Calmette-Guernin in mice and impair the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Photoderma-to/. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 9, 255–263.
   Google Scholar
• Kripke, M. L. 1974: Antigenicity of murine tumors induced by ultraviolet light. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 1333–1336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kripke, M. L. 1981: Immunologic mechanisms in UV-radiation carcinogenesis. Adv. Cancer Res. 34, 69–106.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Matsunaga, T., Hieda, K. & Nikaido, O. 1991: Wavelength dependent formation of thymine dimers and (6-4) photo-products in DNA by monochromatic ultraviolet light ranging from 150 to 365 nm. Photochem. Photobiol. 54, 403–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niizeki, H., Alard, P. & Streilein, J. W. 1997: Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide is necessary for ultraviolet B-impaired induction of contact hypersensitivity. J. lmmunol. 159, 5183–5186.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noonan, F. P. & Lewis, F. A. 1995: UVB-induced immune suppression and infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Photo-chem. Photobiol. 61, 99–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norval, M. 1996: Chromophore for UV-induced immunosup-pression : urocanic acid. Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 386–390.
   Google Scholar
• Norval, M., El-Ghorr, A., Garssen, J., & Van Loveren, H. 1994: The effects of ultraviolet light irradiation on viral infections. Br. J. Dermatol. 130, 693–700.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vink, A. A., Yarosh, D. B. & Kripke, M. L. 1996: Chromophore for UV-induced immunosuppression: DNA. Photochem. Photobiol. 63, 383–386.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar