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Original Articles

E. B. Baldwin and the American–Norwegian discovery and exploration of Graham Bell Island, 1899

Pages 155-171 | Published online: 16 Dec 2016

  • Alme, H. H. 1998: Om Spitsbergen og den Wellmanske polarekspedisjon. (Spitsbergen and the Wellman Polar Expedition.) Skien, Norway: Vagemot miniforlag.
  • Anonymous n.d.: Conditions for engaging the men to the Wellman Polar Expedition. 1894/1898. Baldwin Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Washington D. C. Baldwin, E. B. 1896: The search for the North Pole. Chicago: Privately printed.
  • Baldwin, E. B. 1899a: Report on auroras. Baldwin Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Washington, D. C.
  • Baldwin, E. B. 1899b: Discovery of Graham Bell Land. Baldwin Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Washington, D. C.
  • Baldwin, E. B. 1901a: Short autobiographical sketchEvelyn Briggs Baldwin, for WilliamZiegler, Esq. Baldwin Papers. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress. Washington, D. C.
  • Baldwin, E. B. 1901b: Meterological observations of the Second Wellman Expedition. In: Report of the Chief of the Weather Bureau, 1899-1900. Part VII Pp. 354-356. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing Office.
  • Baldwin, E. B. 2004: The Franz Josef Land archipelago: E. B. journal of the Wellman Polar Expedition, 1898-1899. P. J. Capelotti (ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
  • Barnard, L. F. N.d.: MS 1514. Papers. Scott Polar Research Institute. (These papers were uncatalogued as of September 2005. From the family of one of the members of the Baldwin—Ziegler expedition to Franz Josefl Land in 1901-03, they present a highly critical view of Baldwin's leadership during that expedition.)
  • Barr, S. 1995: The history of Western activity in Franz Josef Land. In S. Barr (ed.): Franz Josef Land. Polarhándbok 8. Pp. 59-106. Oslo: Norwegian Polar Institute.
  • Bryce, R. M. 1997: Cook & Peary: the polar controversy, resolved. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole.
  • Fawcett, W. 1901: By balloon to the North Pole. Metropolitan Magazine 14 (4), 481–487.
  • Lefauconnier, B. & Slupetzky, H. 1995: Glaciers. In S. Barr (ed.): Franz Josef Land. Polarhandbok 8. Pp. 15-21. Oslo: Norwegian Polar Institute.
  • Payer, J. 1876: New lands within the Arctic Circle: narrative of the discoveries of the Austrian ship Tegetthoff in the years 1872-1874. 2 vols. London: MacMillan and Co. Wellman, W. 1899a: The Wellman Polar Expedition. National Geographic 10 (12): 481–505.
  • Wellman, W. 1899b: Walter Wellman home. The Boston Globe. 9 October 1899.
  • Wellman, W. 1911: The aerial age. New York: A. R. Keller.