Application of remotely piloted aircraft systems in observing the atmospheric boundary layer over Antarctic sea ice in winter

References

• Andreas E.L. Air–sea drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 2. A model based on form drag and drifting snow. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1995; 100: 4833–4843.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreas E.L., Claffey K.J. Air–ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1995; 100: 4821–4831.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreas E.L., Claffey K.J., Makshtas A.P. Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the Western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 2000; 97: 459–486.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreas E.L., Jordan R.E., Makshtas A.P. Simulations of snow, ice and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology. 2004; 5: 611–624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andreas E.L., Jordan R.E., Makshtas A.P. Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: the Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology. 2005; 114: 439–460.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassano J.J. Observations of atmospheric boundary layer temperature profiles with a small unmanned aerial vehicle. Antarctic Science. 2013; 26: 205–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassano J.J., Maslanik J.A., Zappa C.J., Gordon A.L., Cullather R.I., Knuth S.L. Observations of Antarctic polynya with unmanned aircraft systems. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union. 2010; 91: 245–246.
   Google Scholar
• Dünnermann J., Wrenger B. Enabling small scale UAS measurements by using the new AMOR platform. Geophysical Research Abstracts. 2011; 13 EGU2011-8579-1.
   Google Scholar
• ENAC (École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile). Paparazzi user's manual. 2008; Toulouse: École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon A.L., Ice Station Weddell Group of Principal Investigators and Chief Scientists . Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union AGU. 1993; 74(11): 121–126.
   Google Scholar
• Haas C., Viehoff T., Eicken H. Sea-ice conditions during the Winter Weddell Gyre Study (WWGS) 1992 ANTX/4 with RV “Polarstern”: shipboard observations and AVHRR satellite imagery. Berichte aus dem Fachbereich Physik 34. 1992; Bremerhaven: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research.
   Google Scholar
• Hempel G. Antarctic marine research in winter: the Winter Weddell Sea Project 1986. Polar Record. 1988; 24: 43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Jakobson L., Vihma T., Jakobson E., Palo T., Männik A., Jaagus J. Low-level jet characteristics over the Arctic Ocean in spring and summer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2013; 13: 11089–11099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jonassen M.O. The small unmanned meteorological observer (SUMO)—characterization and test of a new measurement system for atmospheric boundary layer research. 2008; Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen. Master's thesis.
   Google Scholar
• Kahl J.D.W., Zaitseva N.A., Khattatov V.U., Schnell R.C., Bacon D.M., Bacon J., Radionov V., Serreze M.C. Radiosonde observations from the Former Soviet “North Pole” series of drifting ice stations, 1954–90. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 1999; 80: 2019–2026.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• King J.C., Turner J. Antarctic meteorology and climatology. 1997; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Knuth S.L., Cassano J.J. Estimating sensible and latent heat fluxes using the integral method from in situ aircraft measurements. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2014; 31: 1964–1981.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knuth S.L., Cassano J.J., Maslanik J.A., Herrmann P.D., Kernebone P.A., Crocker R.I., Logan N.J. Unmanned aircraft system measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer over Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. Earth System Science Data. 2013; 5: 57–69.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G. Continuous meteorological surface measurement during Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/6. 2013a; Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.820733.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G. Meteorological observations during Polarstern cruise ANT-XXIX/6 (AWECS). 2013b; Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.819610.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G. Upper air soundings during Polarstern expedition ANT-XXIX/6 (AWECS) to the Antarctic in 2013. 2013c; Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.842810.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G., Ivanov B., Zachek A. Weller G., etal. Energy exchange over Antarctic sea ice in late winter. International conference on the role of the regions in global change: proceedings of a conference held June 11–15, 1990 at the University of Alaska Fairbanks. 1991; Fairbanks: University of Alaska. 325–329.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G., Ivanov B.V., Zachek A. Meteorological observations during the Winter Weddell Gyre Study on Akademik Fedorov. 2010a. Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.755428.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G., Ivanov B.V., Zachek A. Radiation measurements during the Winter Weddell Gyre Study on Akademik Fedorov. 2010b. Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.755432.
   Google Scholar
• König-Langlo G., Loose B., Bräuer B. 25 years of Polarstern meteorology. 2006. Bremerhaven: Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.761654.
   Google Scholar
• Kottmeier C., Sellman L. Atmospheric and oceanic forcing of Weddell Sea ice motion. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1996; 101: 20809–20824.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launiainen J., Vihma T. Johannessen O.M. On the surface heat fluxes in the Weddell Sea. The polar oceans and their role in shaping the global environment: the Nansen centennial volume. 1994; Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 399–419.
   Google Scholar
• Martin S., Bange J., Beyrich F. Meteorological profiling of the lower troposphere using the research UAV “M2AV Carolo”. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 2011; 4: 705–716.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer S., Hattenberger G., Brisset P., Jonassen M., Reuder J. A “no-flow-sensor” wind estimation algorithm for unmanned aerial systems. International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles. 2012; 4: 15–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miloshevich L.M., Paukkunen A., Vömel H., Oltmanns S. Development and validation of a time-lag correction for Vaisala radiosonde humidity measurements. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. 2004; 21: 1305–1327.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuder J., Brisset P., Jonassen M., Müller M., Mayer S. SUMO: a small unmanned meteorological observer for atmospheric boundary layer research. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2008; 1: 012014. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012014.
   Google Scholar
• Reuder J., Brisset P., Jonassen M., Müller M., Mayer S. The small unmanned meteorological observer SUMO: a new tool for atmospheric boundary layer research. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2009; 18: 141–147.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reuder J., Jonassen M.O., Olafsson H. The small unmanned meteorological observer SUMO: recent developments and applications of a micro-UAS for atmospheric boundary layer research. Acta Geophysica. 2012; 60: 1454–1473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spieß T., Bange J., Buschmann M., Vörsmann P. First application of the meteorological Mini-UAV'M2UV’. Meteorologische Zeitschrift. 2007; 16: 159–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tastula E.-M., Vihma T., Andreas E.L. Modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer over Antarctic sea ice in autumn and winter. Monthly Weather Review. 2012; 140: 3919–3935.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tastula E.-M., Vihma T., Andreas E.L., Galperin B. Validation of the diurnal cycles in atmospheric reanalyses over Antarctic sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research—Atmospheres. 2013; 118: 4194–4204.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valkonen T., Vihma T., Doble M. Mesoscale modelling of the atmospheric boundary layer over the Antarctic sea ice: a late autumn case study. Monthly Weather Review. 2008; 136: 1457–1474.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vihma T., Kilpeläinen T., Manninen M., Sjöblom A., Jakobson E., Palo T., Jaagus J., Maturilli M. Characteristics of temperature and humidity inversions and low-level jets over Svalbard fjords in spring. Advances in Meteorology 2011. 2011; 486807. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/486807.
   Google Scholar
• Vihma T., Launiainen J. Ice drift in the Weddell Sea in 1990–1991 as tracked by a satellite buoy. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1993; 98: 14471–14485.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vihma T., Launiainen J., Uotila J. Weddell Sea ice drift: kinematics and wind forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1996; 101: 18279–18296.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wamser C., Martinson D.G. Drag coefficients for winter Antarctic pack ice. Journal of Geophysical Research—Oceans. 1993; 98: 12431–12437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar