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Original Articles

Penetrative Downdraughts in Cumuli

Pages 381-389 | Received 01 Oct 1957, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • BARRET, E. W., and RIEHL, H., 1948. Experimental veri-fication of entrainment of air into cumulus. J. Meteor., 5, 304-307.
  • BEST, A. C., 1951. The occurrence of high rates of ice accretion on aircraft. M.R.P. 610.
  • BUNKER, A. F., HAURWITZ, B., MALKUS, J. S. and STOM-MEL„ H., 1949: Vertical distribution of temperature and humidity over the Caribbean Sea. Papers in Phys. Ocean. and Meteor., Mass. Inst. Tech. and Woods Hole Ocean. Inst. XI No I.
  • BYERS, H. R., and Hun, E. C., 1949. Inflow patterns of Thunderstorms as shown by winds aloft. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 30, 90-96.
  • DAY, G. J., and MURGATROYD, R. J, 1953: The cumulus cloud investigations made by the Meteorological Research Flight during the period August 4th—i5th, 1952. M.R.P. 826.
  • JAMES, D. G., 1954. Fine scale characteristics of the lowest 5,000 ft. of the atmosphere as observed from an aircraft. M.R.P. 875.
  • JONES, R. F., 1954 a: Five flights through a Thunder-storm belt. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 8o, 377–387.
  • JONES, R. F., 1954 b: Radar echoes from and turbulence within cumulus and cumulo-nimbus clouds. Prof. Notes Met. Off., London, 7, No. 109.
  • MALKUS, J. S., 1949. Effects of wind shear on some aspects of convection. Trans. Amer. Geoph. Un. 30, 19–25.
  • MALKUS, J. S., 1952. Recent advances in the study of convective clouds and their interaction with the environment. Tellus, 4, 71-87
  • PRIESTLEY, C. H. B. , 1953: Buoyant motion in a turbu-lent environment. Aust. J. Phys. 6, 279–290.
  • SCORER, R. S., and LUDLAM, F. H., 1953. The bubble theory of penetrative convection. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 79, 96-103.
  • SQUIRES, P., 1958. The spatial variation of liquid wa-ter content and droplet concentrations in cumuli. Tellus. 10, 372-380.
  • STOMMEL, H., 1947. Entrainment of air into a cumulus cloud. J. Meteor. 4, 91-94.
  • WARNER, J., 1955. The water content of cumuliform cloud. Tellus 7, 449-457.
  • WARNER, J., and SQUIRES, P., 1958. Liquid water content and the adiabatic model of cumulus development. Tellus. xo, 390-394.
  • WEICKMANN, H. K., and KAMPE, H. J. AUFM, 1953: The physical properties of cumulus clouds. J. Meteor. 10, 204–211.
  • ZAITSEV, V. A., 1950. Liquid water content and distri-bution of drops in cumulus clouds, Leningrad, Glavaya Geofizicheskaia Observatoriy, Trudy, 19 (8i): 122-132.