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Tellus Volume 31, 1979 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Direct observations of aerosols attached to falling snow crystals

Choji MagonoDepartrneni of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
,
Tatsuo EndohDepartrneni of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
,
Fumio UenoDepartrneni of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
,
Sadako KubotaDepartrneni of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
&
Masayuki ItasakaDepartrneni of Geophysics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan
Pages 102-114 | Received 19 May 1978, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Endow, T. and Magono, C. 1971. Distributions of aerosols in Sapporo in the winter season. J. Met. Soc. Japan 49, 48–55.
  • Endoh, T., Magono, C. and Ueno, F. 1974. The change in the electrification ratio of condensation nuclei due to the snowfall. The Study on the Scavenging Phenomenon of Precipitation. Hokkaido Univ., 24–31.
  • Facy, L. 1962. Radioactive precipitation and fall out. In Nuclear radiation in geophysics. Berlin-Gottingen-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, pp. 202–240.
  • Fuchs, N. A. 1964. The mechanics of aerosols. Per-gamon Press, p. 202.
  • Gradel, T. E. and Franey, J. P. 1973. Field measure-ments of submicron aerosol washout by raindrops. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 54, 282.
  • Greenfield, S. M. 1957. Rain scavenging of radioactive particle matter from the atmosphere. J. Met. 14, 115–125.
  • Junge, C. 1955. The size distribution of aging of natural aerosols as determined from electrical and optical data in the atmosphere. J. Met. 13, 13–25.
  • Kerker, M. and Hampl, V. 1974. Scavenging of aerosol particles by a falling water drop and calculation of washout coefficients. J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 1368–1376.
  • Knutson, E. O., Sood, S. K. and Stockham, J. D. 1976. Aerosol collection by snow and ice crystals. Atmos. Environ. 10, 395–402.
  • Magono, C., Endoh, T., Harimaya, T. and Kubota, S. 1974. A measurement of scavenging effect of falling snow crystals on the aerosol concentration. J. Met. Soc. Japan 52, 407–416.
  • Magono, C., Endoh, T. and Itasaka, M. 1975. Observa-tions of aerosols attached to falling snow crystals. Part II. Utilizing an electron microscope. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. VII 4,103–109.
  • Magono, C. and Lee, C. W. 1973. The vertical structure of snow clouds, as revealed by “Snow Crystal Sondes”, Part II. J. Met. Soc. Japan 51, 176–190.
  • Nakaya, U. 1954. Snow crystals, natural and artificial. Harvard Univ. Press, p. 107.
  • Nakaya, U., Hanajima, M. and Muguruma, J. 1958. Physical investigations on the growth of snow crystals. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ., Ser. II 5, 87–118.
  • Ranz, W. E. and Wong, G. B. 1952. Impaction of dust and small particles on surface and body collectors. Ind. Eng. Chem. 44,1371–1381.

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