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Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Volume 35, 1983 - Issue 5
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Original Articles

Characteristics of northern hemisphere blocking as determined from a long time series of observational data

Harald LejenÄsDepartment of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Arrhenius Laboratory, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
&
Hans ØklandThe International Meteorological Institute in Stockholm, Arrhenius Laboratory, S-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
Pages 350-362 | Received 22 Nov 1982, Accepted 16 Feb 1983, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

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  • Berggren, R., Bolin, B. and Rossby, C-G. 1949. An aerological study of zonal motion, its perturbations and breakdown. Tellus 1, 2, 14–37.
  • Charney, J. G., Shukla, J. and Mo, K. C. 1981. Comparison of a barotropic blocking theory with observation. J. A tmos. Sci. 38, 762–779.
  • Dole, R. M. 1978. The objective representation of blocking patterns. In The general circulation: theory, modeling and observations. Notes from a Colloquium Summer, 1978. NCAR/CQ-6+ 1978-ASP, 406–426.
  • Elliott, R. D. and Smith, T. B. 1949. A study of the effects of large blocking highs on the general cir-culation in the northern hemisphere westerlies. J. Meteorol. 6, 67–85.
  • Frederiksen, J. S. 1982. A unified 3-dimensional instability theory of the onset of blocking and cyclogenesis. J. A tmos. Sci. 39, 969–982.
  • Garriott, E. B. 1904. Long-range forecasts. U.S. Wea. Bur. Bull. 35.
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  • Namias. J. 1947. Characteristics of the general cir-culation over the northern hemisphere during the abnormal winter 1946-1947. Mon. Wea. Rev. 75, 145–152.
  • Namias, J. and Clapp, P. F. 1951. Observational studies of general circulation patterns. Compendium of Meteorology, Americal Meteorological Society.
  • Palmen, E. and Newton, C. W. 1969. Atmospheric circulation systems. Academic Press, New York and London.
  • Rex, D. P. 1950a. Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate (I). An aerological study of blocking. Tellus 2, 196–211.
  • Rex, D. P. 1950b. Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate (II). The climatology of blocking actions. Tellus 2, 275–301.
  • Rex, D. P. 1951. The effect of Atlantic blocking action upon European climate. Tellus 3, 100–112.
  • Treidl, R. A., Birch, E. C. and Sajecki. P. 1981. Blocking action in the northern hemisphere: a climatological study. Atmosphere-Ocean 19, 1–23.
  • White, W. B. and Clark, N. E. 1975. On the develop-ment of blocking ridge activity over the central North Pacific. J. Atoms. Sci. 32, 489–502.

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