Satellite climatological aspects of the “polar low” and “instant occlusion”

References

• Carleton, A. M. 1979. A synoptic climatology of satellite-observed extratropical cyclone activity for the southern hemisphere winter. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklim. B2, 265–279.
   Google Scholar
• Carleton, A. M. 1981a. Climatology of the “instant occlusion” phenomenon for the southern hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109,177–181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carleton, A. M. 198lb. Monthly variability of satellite-derived cyclonic activity for the southern hemisphere winter. J. Climatol. I, 21–38.
   Google Scholar
• Carleton, A. M. 1985. Synoptic cryosphere-atmosphere interactions in the northern hemisphere from DMSP image analysis. Int. J. Remote Sensing 6,239–261.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, D. T. and Sherr, P. E. 1969. Cloud pattern models for extratropical cyclogenesis. Final Report, ESSA Contract E-203-68, Allied Research Associates Inc., Concord, Mass. 146 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Crutcher, H. L. and Meserve, J. M. 1970. Selected level heights, temperatures, and dew points for the northern hemisphere. NAVAIR 50-1C-52 (revised). Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, D.C. (January 1970).
   Google Scholar
• Duncan, C. N. 1977. A numerical investigation of polar lows. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 103, 255–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, G. S. and Lottes, W. D. 1982. Characteristics and evolution of mesoscale cloud vortices occurring in polar airstreams, In: Preprint volume, Conference on Cloud Physics, November 15-18,1982, Chicago, Ill. American Met. Soc., Boston, Mass. 310-311.
   Google Scholar
• Forbes, G. S. and Lottes, W. D. 1985. Classification of mesoscale vortices in polar airstreams and the influence of the large-scale environment on their evolutions. Tellus, 37A,132–155.
   Google Scholar
• Gagnon, R. M. 1964. Types of winter energy budgets over the Norwegian Sea. Publications in Meteorology, 64. Arctic Meteorology Research Group, Department of Meteorology, McGill University, Montreal. 75 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Harrold, T. W. and Browning. K. A. 1969. The polar low as a baroclinic disturbance. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 95. 710–723.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houghton, D. M. 1958. Heat sources and sinks at the earth's surface. Meteorol. Mag. 87, 132–143.
   Google Scholar
• Locatelli. J. D., Hobbs, P. V. and Werth, J. A. 1982. Mesoscale structures of vortices in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Reu. 110, 1417–1433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lyall, I. T. 1972. The polar low over Britain. Weather 27.378–391.
   Google Scholar
• Mansfield, D. A. 1974. Polar lows: the development of baroclinic disturbances in cold air outbreaks. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 100, 541–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen, S. L. 1979. An investigation of small-scale cyclones in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107, 1636–1647.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen, S. L. 1983. Explosive cyclogenesis associated with cyclones in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 1537–1553.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murty, T. S., McBean, G. A. and McKee, B. 1983. Explosive cyclogenesis over the northeast Pacific Ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 1131–1135.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oerlemans, J. 1980. A case study of a subsynoptic disturbance in a polar outbreak. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 106, 313–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Økland, H. 1976. An example of air mass transformation in the Arctic and connected disturbances of the wind field. Report DM-20, Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Sweden. April 1976.30 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Økland, H. 1977. On the intensification of small-scale cyclones formed in very cold air masses heated by the ocean. Institute Report Series No. 26, Universitetet i Oslo, Institutt for Geophysikk. August 1977. 31 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Rabbe, A. 1975. Arctic instability lows. Meteorologiske A nnaler 6, 303. (Meteorologiske Institutt, Oslo).
   Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, E. 1979. The polar low as an extratropical CISK disturbance. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 105, 531–549.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rasmussen, E. 1981. An investigation of a polar low with a spiral cloud structure. J. A tmos. Sci. 38, 1785–1792.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, R. J. 1979. Cyclogenesis in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107,38–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders, F. and Gyakum, J. R. 1980. Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the “bomb”. Mon. Wea. Rev. 108, 1589–1606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sardie, J. M. and Warner, T. P. 1983. On the mechanism for the development of polar lows. J. A tmos. Sci. 40, 869–881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streten, N. A. 1975. Satellite derived inferences to some characteristics of the South Pacific atmospheric circulation association with the Nino event of 1972-73. Mon. Wea. Rev. 103, 989–995.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Streten, N. A. and Kellas, W. R. 1973. Aspects of cloud pattern signatures of depressions in maturity and decay. J. Appl. Meteorol. 12, 23–27.
   Google Scholar
• Streten, N. A. and Troup, A. J. 1973. A synoptic climatology of satellite-observed cloud vortices over the southern hemisphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 99, 56–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thepenier, R-M. and Cruette. D. 1981. Formation of cloud bands associated with the American subtropical jet stream and their interaction with midlatitude synoptic disturbances reaching Europe. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109, 2209–2220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Troup, A. J. and Streten, N. A. 1972. Satellite-observed southern hemisphere cloud vortices in relation to conventional observations. J. Appl. Meteorol. 11, 909–917.
   Google Scholar
• van Loon, H. and Rogers, J. C. 1978. The see-saw in winter temperatures between Greenland and Northern Europe. Part I: General description. Mon. Wea. Rev. 106, 296–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widger, W. K. 1964. A synthesis of interpretations of extratropical vortex patterns as seen by TIROS. Mon. Wea. Rev. 92, 263–282.
   Google Scholar
• Zick, C. 1983. Method and results of an analysis of comma cloud developments by means of vorticity fields from upper tropospheric satellite wind data. Meteorol. Rundsch. 36, 69–84.
   Google Scholar
• Zwatz-Meise, V. and Hailzl, G. 1983. A cloud formation process contradictory to the classical occlusion development investigated with satellite images and model output parameters. Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklim. A 32, 119–127.
   Google Scholar