References
- Blackmon, M. L., Lee, Y.-H. and Wallace, J. M. 1984a. Horizontal structure of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate and short time scales. J. Atmos. Sci. 41,961–979.
- Blackmon, M. L., Lee, Y.-H., Wallace, J. M. and Hsu, H.-H. 1984b. Time variation of 500 mb height fluctuations with long, intermediate, and short time scales as deduced from lag-correlation statistics. J. Atmos. Sci. 41,981–991.
- Branstator, G. W. 1984. The relationship between zonal mean flow and quasistationary waves in the midtroposphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 41,2163–2178.
- Holopainen, E.O. 1970. An observational study of the energy balance of the stationary disturbances in the atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 96,626–644.
- Hoskins, B. J. 1983. Dynamical processes in the atmosphere and the use of models. Q. J. Meteorol. Soc. 109,1–21.
- Hsu, H.-H. and Wallace, J. M. 1985. On the vertical structure of wintertime teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, (in press).
- Krueger, A. F., Winston, J. S. and Haines, D. A. 1965. Computations of atmospheric energy and its transformation for the northern hemisphere for a recent five-year period. Mon. Wea. Rev. 93, 227–238.
- Kutzbach, J. E. 1970. Large-scale features of monthly mean northern hemisphere anomaly maps of sea-level pressure. Mon. Wea. Rev. 98, 708–716.
- Lorenz, E. N. 1951. Seasonal and irregular variations of the northern hemisphere sea-level pressure profile. J. Meteorol. 8,52–59.
- Lorenz, E. N. 1955. Available potential energy and the maintenance of the general circulation. Tellus 7,157–167.
- Manabe, S. and Terpstra, T. B. 1974. The effects of mountains on the general circulation of the atmosphere as identified by numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci. 31,3–42.
- McGuirk, J. P. and Reiter, E. R. 1976. A vacillation in atmospheric energy parameters. J. Atmos. Sci. 33,2079–2093.
- Mo, K. C. and White, G. H. 1985. Teleconnections in the southern hemisphere. Mon. Wea. Rev. 113,22–37.
- Namias, J. 1950. The index cycle and its role in the general circulation. J. Meteorol. 7,130–139.
- Plumb, R. A. 1983. A new look at the energy cycle. J.Atmos. Sci. 40,1669–1688.
- Rogers, J. C. 1981. The North Pacific Oscillation. J. Climatol. 1, 39–57.
- Rossby, C.-G. 1939. Relations between variations in the intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacements of the semipermanent centers of action. J. Mar. Res. 1, 38–55.
- Rossby, C.-G., and Willett, H. C. 1948. The circulation of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Science 108,643–652.
- Starr, V. P. 1942. Basic principles of weather forecasting. Harper Brothers, New York, 299 pp.
- Van Loon, H. and Rogers, J. C. 1978. The seesaw in winter temperatures between Greenland and northern Europe. Part I: General description. Mon. Wea. Rev. 106, 296–310.
- Walker, G. T. and Bliss, E. M. 1932. World weather V. Mem. Meteorol. Soc. 4,53–84.
- Wallace, J. M. and Blackmon, M. L. 1983. Observations of low-frequency atmospheric variability. Large scale dynamical processes in the atmosphere. B.J. Hoskins and R. P. Pearce, eds., Academic Press, London, 55–94.
- Wallace, J. M. and Gutzler, D. S. 1981. Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the northern hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev. 109 784–812.
- Wallace, J. M. and Hsu, H.-H. 1983. Ultra-long waves and two-dimensional Rossby waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 40,2211–2219.
- Webster, P. J. and Keller, J. L. 1975: Atmospheric variations: vacillations and index cycles. J. Atmos. Sci. 32,1283–1300.
- Willett, H. C. 1944. Descriptive meteorology. Academic Press, New York, 310 pp.
- Willett, H. C. 1948. Patterns of world weather changes. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 29, 803–809.
- Winston, J. S. and Krueger, A. F. 1961. Some aspects of a cycle of available potential energy. Mon. Wea. Rev. 89,307–318.