95
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Multivariate statistical investigations of the northern hemisphere circulation during the El Niño event 1982/83

Pages 189-204 | Received 06 May 1985, Accepted 12 Sep 1985, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Arkin, P. A., Kopman, J. D. and Reynolds, R. W. 1983. 1982-1983 El Niño Southern Oscillation Event Quick Look Atlas, NOAA National Weather Service, National Meteorological Center, Climate Analysis Center, Washington, D.C. 20233.
  • Barnett, T. P. and Hasselmann, K. 1979. Techniques of linear prediction, with application to oceanic and atmospheric fields in the tropical Pacific. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys. 17, 949–967.
  • Barnett, T. P., Preisendorfer, R. W., Goldstein, L. M. and Hasselmann. K. 1981. Significance tests for regression model hierarchies. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 11, 1150–1154.
  • Chervin, R. M. and Schneider, S. H. 1976. On determining the statistical significance of climate experiments with general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci. 33, 403–417.
  • Chervin, R. M. 1981. On the comparison of observed and GCM simulated climate ensembles. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 885–901.
  • Déqué M. and Royer, F. J. 1984. A general circulation model simulation of the atmospheric response to the January 1983 El Niño. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Newsletter no. 27,2–3.
  • Derome, J. 1980. Forced waves in a middle latitude beta plane model. In: ECM WF-Seminar 1979 on Dynamical Meteorology and Numerical Weather Prediction, Vol. 1, 243–261.
  • Dickinson, R. E. 1968. On the exact and approximate linear theory of vertically propagating planetary Rossby waves forced at a spherical lower boundary. Mon. Wea. Rev. 96, 405–415.
  • Geb, M. and Naujokat, B. 1982. Nordhemisphärischer Klimabericht zum April 1982. Beilage zur Berliner Wetterkarte des Instituts für Meteorologic, der Freien Universität Berlin, KNHIV/82 27.5.1982.
  • Haltiner, G. J. and Williams, R. T. 1980. Numerical prediction and dynamical meteorology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2nd edition, XVII + 477 pp.
  • Hannoschöck, G. and Frankignoul. C. 1985. Multi-variate statistical analysis of a sea surface temperature anomaly experiment with the GISS general circulation model I. J. Atmos. Sci. 42, 1430–1450.
  • Hasselmann, K. 1979. On the signal-to-noise problem in atmospheric response studies. In: Meterology over the tropical oceans. Roy. Meteor. Soc. London, 251–259.
  • Hotelling, H. 1931. The generalization of Student's ratio. Ann. Math. Stat. 2, 360–378.
  • Hoskins. B. J. and Karoly. D. J. 1981. The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci. 38, 1179–1196.
  • Kaestner, A. 1971. Über eine Weiterentwicklung des im DWD benutzten Programms zur numerischen Analyse von Wetterkarten. Meteorol. Rundsch. 24, 129–137.
  • Kendall, M. G. 1975. Multivariate analysis. Griffiths, 210 pp.
  • Livezey, R. E. and Chen, W. Y. 1983. Statistical field significance and its determination by Monte Carlo techniques. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 46–59.
  • Merilees, P. E. 1968. On the linear balance equation in terms of spherical harmonics. Tellus 20, 200–201.
  • Morrison, D.F. 1976. Multivariate statistical analysis. McGraw-Hill, 2nd edition. New York, XV + 415 pp.
  • Quiroz, R. S. 1983. The climate of the “El Niño” winter of 1982/83-a season of extraordinary climate anomalies. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 1685–1706.
  • Rasmussen, E. M. 1984. Meteorological aspects of El Niño/Southern Oscillation. Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Hurricane and Tropical Meteorology, January 1984.
  • Rosen, R. D., Salstein, D. P., Eubanks, T. M., Dickey J. O. and Steppe, J. A. 1984. An El Niño signal in atmospheric angular momentum and earth rotation. Science 225, 411–414.
  • Simmons, A. J., Wallace, J. M. and Branstator, G. W. 1983. Barotropic wave propagation and instability and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Amos. Sci. 40, 1363–1392.
  • von Storch, H. and Roeckner, E. 1983. Methods for the verification of general circulation models applied to the Hamburg University GCM, Part I: Test of individual climate states. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 1965–1976.
  • von Storch. H. 1984. An accidental result. The mean 1983 January 500 mb height field significantly different from its 1967-81 predecessors. Beitr. Phys. Atmos. 57, 440–444.
  • von Storch. H. and Kruse, H. 1985. The extratropical atmospheric response to El Niño events-a multi-variate significance analysis. Tellus 37A, 361–377.