108
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A study of non-forecasted cyclogenesis in a polar air mass over the Baltic Sea

, &
Pages 165-173 | Received 02 Nov 1988, Accepted 08 May 1989, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • Anthes, R. A., Kuo, Y-H. and Gyakum, J. R. 1983.Numerical simulations of a case on explosive marine cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev. 111, 1174–1188.
  • Bijlsma, S. J. and Hafkenscheid, L. M. 1984. A non-linear normal mode initialization method for a limited area model. Internal KNMI Note, 38 pp.
  • Bratseth, A. M. 1985. A note on CISK in polar air masses. Tel/us 37A, 403-406. Polar low special issue.
  • Browning, K. A. and Hill, F. F. 1985. Mesoscale analysis of a polar trough interacting with a polar front. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 111, 445–462.
  • Businger, S. 1985. The synoptic climatology of polar low outbreaks. Tellus 37A, 419–432.
  • Businger, S. 1987. The synoptic climatology of polar air outbreaks over the Gulf of Alaska andthe Bering Sea. Tellus 39A,307–325.
  • Craig, G. and Cho, H-R. 1988. Cumulus heating and CISK in the extratropical atmosphere. Part I: Polar lows and comma clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 43,2622–2640.
  • Forbes, G. S. and Lottes, W. D. 1985. Classification of meso-scale vortices in polar air streams and the influence of the large scale environment on their evolutions. Tellus 37A, 132–155.
  • Gustafsson, N., Järvenoja, S., Källberg, P. and Woetmann Nielsen, N. 198.6.8tis1ine experiments with a high resolution limited area model. HIRLAM Technical Report No. I, Copenhagen, 17 November 1986.87 pp.
  • Gustafsson, N. and Järvenoja, S. 1987. Sensitivity tests with a limited area version of the ECMWF analysis scheme. HIRLAM Technical Note No. 3, Copenhagen, October 1987. 26 pp.
  • Harrold, T. W. and Browning, K. A. 1969. The polar low as a baroclinic disturbance. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 95,710–723.
  • Kuo, Y-H. and Reed, R. J. 1988. Numerical simulation of an explosively deepening cyclone in the Eastern Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev. 116,2081–2105.
  • Locatelli, J. D., Hobbs, P. V. and Werth, J. A. 1982. Mesoscale structures of vortices in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Rev. 110,1417–1433.
  • Lystad, M. (ed.) 1986. Polar lows in the Norwegian, Greenland and Barents Sea. Polar Lows Project, Final Report. The Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
  • Lönnberg, P. and Shaw, D. 1987. ECMWF data assimilation scientific documentation, Research Manual 1. Mansfield, D. A. 1974. Polar lows: the development of baroclinic disturbances in cold air outbreaks. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 100, 541–554.
  • økland, H. 1987. Heating by organized convection as a source of polar low intensification. Tellus 39A,397–407.
  • økland, H. and Schyberg, H. 1987. On the contrasting influence of organized moist convection and surface heat flux on a barotropic vortex. Tellus 39A,385–389.
  • Orlanski, I. 1986. Localized baroclinicity. A source for meso-alpha cyclones. J. Atmos. Sci.43, 2857–2885.
  • Rasmussen, E. 1977. The polar low as a CISK-phenomenon. Report No. 6, University of Copenhagen, Institution for theoretical meteorology.
  • Rasmussen, E. 1979. The polar low as an extratropical CISK-disturbance. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 105,531–549.
  • Rasmussen, E. 1981. An investigation of polar low with a spiral cloud structure. J. Atmos. Sci. 38,1785–1792.
  • Rasmussen, E. 1985. A case study of a polar low development over the Barents Sea. Tellus 37A,407–418.
  • Reed, R. J. 1979. Cyclogenesis in polar air streams. Mon. Wea. Rev. 107,38–52.
  • Reed, R. J. and Blier, W. 1986. A case study of comma cloud development in the Eastern Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114,1681–1695.
  • Sardie, J. M. and Warner, T. T. 1983. On the mechanism for the development of polar lows. J.Atmos. Sci. 40,869–881.
  • Sardie, J. M. and Warner, T. T. 1985. A numerical study of the development mechanisms of polar lows. Tellus 37A,460–477.
  • Staley, D. 0. and Gall, R. L. 1977. On the wavelength of maximum baroclinic instability. J.Atmos. Sci. 34,1679–1688.
  • Uccellini, L. W. 1986. The possible influence of up-stream upper-level baroclinic processes onthe development of the QE II storm. Mon. Wea. Rev. 114,1019–1027.
  • Unden, P. 1982. The Swedish limited area model. SMHI Reports. Meteorology and Climatology, RMK 35,33 pp.
  • Zick, C. 1983. Methods and results of an analysis of comma cloud developments by mean of vorticity fields from upper tropospheric satellite wind data. Meteorol. Rdsch. 36,69–84.