Advanced search
Publication Cover
Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Volume 43, 1991 - Issue 4
Journal homepage
534
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The birth of numerical weather prediction

A. Wiin-NielsenGeophysical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Haraldsgade 6, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
Pages 36-52 | Received 15 Jun 1990, Accepted 02 Oct 1990, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

  • Ashford, O. M. 1985. Prophet or Professor? The fife and work of Lewis Fry Richardson Adam Hilger Ltd., Bristol and Boston, 304 pp.
  • Berggren, R., Bolin, B. and Rossby, C.-G. 1949. An aerological study of zonal motion, its perturbations and break-down, Tel/us 1, No. 2,14–37.
  • Bergthorsson, P., Dbös, B. R., Fryklund, S., Haug, O. and Lindquist, R. 1955. Routine forecasting with the barotropic model. Tellus 7, 272–274.
  • Bergthorsson, P. and Dohs, B. R. 1955. Numerical weather map analysis. Tellus 7, 329–340.
  • Bjerknes, V. 1904. Das Problem von der Wettervorhersage betrachtet vom Standpunkt der Mechanik und der Physik, Meteor. Zeitsch. 21, 1-7 ( in German).
  • Bolin, B. 1950. On the influence of the Earth's orography on the general character of the westerlies. Tel/us 2,184–195.
  • Bolin, B. and Charney, J. G. 1951. Numerical tendency computations from the barotropic vorticity equation. Tellus 3, 248–257.
  • Bolin, B. and Newton, H. 1952. Report on a conference on the application of numerical methods in forecasting atmospheric flow pattern. Tellus 4,141–144.
  • Bolin, B. 1953a. Multiple-parameter models of the atmosphere for numerical forecasting purposes. Tellus 5,207–218.
  • Bolin, B. 1953b. The adjustment of a nonbalanced velocity field towards geostrophic equilibrium in a stratified fluid. Tellus 5, 373–385.
  • Bolin, B. 1955. Numerical forecasting with the barotropic model. Tellus 7, 27–49.
  • Bolin, B. 1956. An improved barotropic model and some aspects of using the balance equation for three-dimensional flow. Tellus 8, 61–75.
  • Cahn, A. 1945. An investigation of the free oscillations in a simple current system. Jour. of Meteor. 2, 113–119.
  • Charney, J. G. 1947. The dynamics of long waves in a baroclinic westerly current. Jour. of Meteor. 4, 135–162.
  • Charney, J. G. 1948. On the scale of atmospheric motion. Geophy. Publ. vol. 17, no. 2.
  • Charney, J. G. 1949. On a physical basis for numerical prediction of large-scale motion in theatmosphere. Jour. of Meteor. 6,371–385.
  • Charney, J. G., Fjortoft, R. and von Neumann, J. 1950. Numerical integration of the barotropicvorticity equation. Tellus 2, 237–254.
  • Charney, J. G. and Phillips, N. A. 1953. Numerical integration of the quasi-geostrophic equations for barotropic and simple baroclinic flows. Jour. of Meteor. 10, 71–99.
  • Charney, J. G. 1955. The use of the primitive equations of motion in numerical forecasting. Tellus 7,22–26.
  • Christensen, C. Wün and Wün-Nielsen, A. 1991. A study of global mean temperatures applied toavailable potential energy, annual variations and static stability. Tellus 43A, 15–24.
  • Cressman, G. P. 1958. Barotropic divergence and very long atmospheric waves. Mo. Wea. Rev. 86, 293–297.
  • Deutschen Wetterdienst 1957. Symposium Ober Numerische Wettervorhersage in Frankfurt a.M. vom 23. bis 28. Mai, 1956, Berichte, Band 5, Nr. 38, 97 pp.
  • Dads, B. R. 1956. Automation of 500 mb forecasts through successive numerical map analyses. Tellus 8, 76–81.
  • Eady, E. T. 1952. Note on weather computing and the so-called 2k-dimensional model. Tellus 4,157–167.
  • Eliassen, A. 1952. Simplified models of the atmosphere designed for the purpose of numerical weather prediction. Tellus 4, 145–156.
  • Fjortoft, R. 1952. On a numerical method of integrating the barotropic vorticity equation. Tellus 4, 179–194.
  • Friedman, R. M. 1989. Appropriating the weather,Vilhelm Bjerknes and the construction of a modern meteorology, Cornell University Press, 251 pp.
  • Gilchrist, B. and Cressman, G. P. 1954. An experiment in objective analysis. Tellus 6,309–318.
  • Heims, S. J. 1981. John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener, From mathematics to the technologies of life and death, Massachusetts Institute of Meteorology Press, 547 pp.
  • Hinkelmann, K. 1951. Der Mechanismus des meteoro-logischen Lärme, Tellus 3, 285-296 (in German).
  • Hinkelmann, K. 1959. Ein numerisches Experiment mit den primitiven Gleichungen, The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion,Rossby Memorial Volume, Rockefeller Institute Press, 486–500.
  • Lomholt, A. 1960. Meteorologiske lagttagelser, Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 1742-1942, 3, 151-171 (in Danish).
  • Panofsky, J. 1949. Objective weather map analysis. Jour. of Meteor. 6,386–392.
  • Phillips, N. A. 1951. A simple three-dimensional model for the study of the large-scale extratropical flow patterns. Jour. of Meteor. 8, 381–394.
  • Platzman, G. W. 1952. Some remarks on high-speed automatic computers and their use in meteorology. Tellus 4,168–178.
  • Platzman, G. W. 1967. A retrospective view of Richardson's book on weather prediction. Bull, of the Amer. Met. Soc. 48, 514–552.
  • Platzman, G. W. 1987. Conversations with Jule Charney, Technical Note, T.N.-298, Nat. Center for Atm. Res. 169 pp.
  • Richardson, L. F. 1922. Weather prediction by numerical process, Cambridge University Press, 236 pp. ( Also, Dover Publications, 1965 with introduction by S. Chapman.)
  • Rossby, C.-G. 1938. On the mutual adjustment of pressure and velocity distributions in certain simple current systems. Jour. of Mar. Res. 1, 239–263.
  • Rossby, C.-G. 1939. Relation between variations in the intensity of the zonal circulation of the atmosphere and the displacement of the semi-permanent centers of action. Jour. of Mar. Res. 2, 38–55.
  • Smebye, S. J. 1953. Tendency computations with a continuous two-parametric atmospheric model. Tellus 5, 219–223.
  • Staff Members, University of Stockholm 1952. Preliminary report on the prognostic value of barotropic models in the forecasting of 500 mb height changes. Tellus 4, 21–30.
  • Staff Members, Inst. of Meteorology, Univ. of Stockholm 1954. Results of forecasting with the barotropic model on an electronic computer (BESK ). Tellus 6, 139–149.
  • Thompson, P. D. 1953. On the theory of large-scale disturbances in a two-dimensional baroclinic equivalent of the atmosphere. Q.J. of the Roy. Met. Soc. 79, 51–69.
  • Thompson, P. D. 1956. A theory of large-scale disturbances in non-geostrophic flow. Jour. of Meteor. 13, 251–261.
  • Thompson, P. D. 1983. A history of numerical weather prediction in the United States. Bull, of the Amer. Met. Soc. 64, 755–769.
  • Thompson, P. D. 1987. The maturing of the science. Bull. of the Amer. Met. Soc. 68, 631–637.
  • Wiin-Nielsen, A. 1959. On barotropic and baroclinic models with special emphasis on ultra-long waves. Mo. Wea. Rev. 87, 171–183.
  • Wolff, P. M. 1958. The error in numerical forecasts due to retrogression of ultra-long waves. Mo. Wea. Rev. 86, 245–250.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.