91
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

A simple model for the three-dimensional, thermally and wind-driven ocean circulation

Pages 671-680 | Received 06 Aug 1993, Accepted 02 Dec 1993, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Bryan, F. 1986. High-latitude salinity effects and inter-hemispheric thermohaline circulations. Nature 323, 301–304.
  • Cessi, P. and Young, W. R. 1992. Multiple equilibria in two-dimensional thermohaline circulation. J. Fluid Mech. 241, 291–309.
  • Huang, R. X. and Stommel, H. M. 1992. Convective flow patterns in an eight-box cube driven by combined wind stress, thermal and saline forcing. J. Geophys. Res. C97, 2347–2364.
  • Hughes, T. M. C. and Weaver, A. J. 1994. Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. J. Phys. Ocean. 24, in press.
  • Källén, E. and Huang, X.-Y. 1987. A simple model for large-scale thermohaline convection. Dyn. Atm. Oceans 11,153–173.
  • Lorenz, E. N. 1963. Deterministic non-periodic flow. J. Atm. Sci. 20, 130–141.
  • Lorenz, E. N. 1984. Irregularity: a fundamental property of the atmosphere. Tellus 36A, 98–110.
  • Lorenz, E. N. 1990. Can chaos and intransitivity lead to interannual variability? Tellus 42A, 378–389.
  • Malkus, V. W. R. 1972. Non-periodic convection at high and low Prandtl number. Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège, X6e Serie, Tome IV, 125-128.
  • Manabe, S. and Stouffer, R. J. 1988. Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate 1, 841–866.
  • Marotzke, J., Welander, P. and Willebrand, J. 1988. Instability and multiple steady states in a meridional plane model of the thermohaline circulation. Tellus 40A, 162–172.
  • Stommel, H. 1961. Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus 13, 224–230.
  • Thual, O. and McWilliams, J. C. 1992. The catastrophe structure of thermohaline convection in a two-dimensional fluid model and a comparison with low-order box models. Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 64, 67–95.
  • Weaver, A. J. and Sarachik, E. S. 1991. Evidence for decadal variability in an ocean general circulation model. Atm.-Ocean 29, 197–231.
  • Weaver, A. J. and Hughes, T. M. C. 1992. Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation and its link to climate. Trends in physical oceanography, Council of Scientific Research Integration, Research Trends Series 1, Trivandrum, India.
  • Weaver, A. J., Aura, S. M. and Myers, P. G. 1994. Inter-decadal variability in an idealized model of the North Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
  • Weaver, A. J., Marotzke, J., Cummins, P. F. and Sarachik, E. S. 1993. Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Ocean. 23, 39–60.
  • Welander, P. 1986. Thermohaline effects in the ocean circulation and related simple models.In: Large-scale transport processes in oceans and atmosphere, eds. Willebrand, J. and Anderson, D. L. T., 163-200. D. Reidel Publ. Co.
  • Welander, P. 1991. On the ocean heat engine, stiffness of chaotic systems and climate prediction. Tellus 43A/B, 116-120.
  • Wright, D. G. and Stocker, T. F. 1991. A zonally averaged model for the thermohaline circulation. Part I: model development and flow dynamics. J. Phys. Ocean. 21, 1713–1724.
  • Wright, D. G. and Vreugdenhil, C. B. 1994. Vorticity dynamics and zonally averaged ocean circulation models. J. Phys. Ocean., resubmitted.
  • Zhang, S., Lin, C. A. and Greatbatch, R. J. 1992. A thermocline model for ocean-climate studies. J. Mar. Res. 50, 99–124.