57
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Metric-based principal components: data uncertainties

Pages 584-592 | Received 24 Jul 1995, Accepted 15 Dec 1995, Published online: 15 Dec 2016

References

  • Bretherton, C. S., C. Smith and J. M. Wallace, 1992. An intercomparison of methods for finding coupled patterns in climate data. J. Climate 5, 541–560.
  • Derber, J. and A. Rosati, 1989. A global oceanic data assimilation system. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 19, 1333–1347.
  • Graham, N. E., J. Michaelson and T. P. Barnett, 1987. An investigation of the El Niño—Southern Oscillation cycle with statistical models. 1. Predictor field characteristics. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 14251–14270.
  • Hasselmann, K., 1979. On the signal-to-noise problem in atmospheric response studies. In: Meteorology of tropical oceans, 251–259. Royal Meteorological Society.
  • Hasselmann, K., 1993. Optimal fingerprints for the detection of time-dependent climate change. J. Climate 6, 1957–1971.
  • Hotelling, H., 1936. Relations between two sets of variates. Biometrika 28, 321–377.
  • Ji, M., A. Leetmaa, and J. Derber, 1995. An ocean analysis system for climate studies. Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 460–481.
  • Jolliffe, I. T., 1986. Principal component analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York.
  • Kendall, M. G., A. Stuart, and J. K. Ord, 1983. The advanced theory of statistics, vol. 3. Charles Griffin & Company Ltd., London.
  • Pearson, K., 1901. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Phil. Mag., Series 6, 2, 559–572.
  • Thacker, W. C., and R. Lewandowicz, 1996. Climatic indices, principal components, and the Gauss—Markov theorem. J. Climate., in press.
  • Thacker, W. C., 1996. Climatic fingerprints, patterns, and indices. J. Climate, in press.
  • Woodruff, S. D., R. J. Slutz, R. L. Jenne and P. M. Steurer, 1987. A comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 22, 1239–1250.