Interactive lakes in the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 5: the role of lakes in the regional climate of North America

References

• Bates G. T. Giorgi F. Hostetler S. W. Toward the simulation of the effects of the Great Lakes on regional climate. Mon. Weather Rev. 1993; 121: 1373–1387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates G. T. Hostetler S. W. Giorgi F. Two-year simulation of the Great Lakes region with a coupled modeling system. Mon. Weather Rev. 1995; 123: 1505–1522.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bélair S. Mailhot J. Girard C. Vaillancourt P. Boundary layer and shallow cumulus clouds in a medium-range forecast of a large-scale weather system. Mon. Weather Rev. 2005; 133: 1938–1960.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benoit R. Côté J. Mailhot J. Inclusion of a TKE boundary layer parameterization in the Canadian regional finite-element model. Mon. Weather Rev. 1989; 117: 1726–1750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Côté, J, Gravel, S, Méthot, A, Patoine, A, Roch, M and co-authors. 1998. The Operational CMC-MRB Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) Model. Part I: design considerations and formulation. Mon. Weather Rev. 126, 1373–1395.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delage Y. Parameterising sub-grid scale vertical transport in atmospheric models under statically stable conditions. Boundary-Layer Meteor. 1997; 82: 23–48.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delage Y. Girard C. Stability functions correct at the free convection limit and consistent for both the surface and Ekman layers. Boundary-Layer Meteor. 1992; 58: 19–31.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutra, E, Stepanenko, V. M, Balsamo, G, Viterbo, P, Miranda, P. M. A and co-authors. 2010. An offline study of the impact of lakes on the performance of the ECMWF surface scheme. Boreal Env. Res. 15, 100–112.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Elía R. Côté H. Climate and climate change sensitivity to model configuration in the Canadian RCM over North America. Meteorol. Z. 2010; 19(4): 325–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goyette S. McFarlane N. A. Flato G. M. Application of the Canadian Regional Climate Model to the Laurentian Great Lakes region: implementation of a lake model. Atmos. Ocean. 2000; 38: 481–503.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson-Sellers B. New formulation of eddy diffusion thermocline models. Appl. Math. Model. 1985; 9: 441–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostetler S. Bartlein P. J. Modeling climatically determined lake evaporation with application to simulating lake-level variations of Harney-Malheur Lake, Oregon. Water Resour. Res. 1990; 26: 2603–2612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hostetler S. W. Simulation of lake ice and its effect on the late-Pleistocene evaporation rate of Lake Lahontan. Clim. Dyn. 1991; 6: 43–48.
   Google Scholar
• Hostetler, S. W. 1995. Hydrological and thermal response of lakes to climate: description and modeling. In: Physics and Chemistry of Lakes. Lerman A, Imboden D. and Gat J. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. pp. 63–82.
   Google Scholar
• Hostetler S. W. Bates G. T. Giorgi F. Interactive coupling of a lake thermal model with a regional climate model. J. Geophys. Res. 1993; 98(D3): 5045–5057.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kain J. S. Fritsch J. M. A one-dimensional entraining/detraining plume model and application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci. 1990; 47: 2784–2802.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanamitsu, M, Ebisuzaki, W, Woollen, J, Yang, S. K, Hnilo, J. J and co-authors. 2002. NCEP–DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2). B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 83, 1631–1643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitaigorodskii S. A. Miropolsky Y. Z. On the theory of the open ocean active layer. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana. 1970; 6: 178–188.
   Google Scholar
• Kourzeneva, E. 2009. Global dataset for the parameterization of lakes in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling. In: ALADIN Newsletter, No 37, July–December, 2009. F. Bouttier and C. Fischer. Meteo-France: ToulouseFrance, pp. 46–53.
   Google Scholar
• Kuo H. L. On formation and intensification of tropical cyclones through latent heat release by cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci. 1965; 22: 40–63.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laprise R. The Euler equation of motion with hydrostatic pressure as independent coordinate. Mon. Weather. Rev. 1992; 120(1): 197–207.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laprise R. Regional climate modelling. J. Comput. Phys. 2008; 227: 3641–3666.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laprise R. Caya D. Bergeron G. Giguère M. The formulation of André Robert MC2 (Mesoscale Compressible Community) model. The André J. Robert Memorial Volume, companion volume to. Atmos.-Ocean. 1997; 35(1): 195–220.
   Google Scholar
• Laprise, R, Caya, D, Giguère, M, Bergeron, G, Côté, H and co-authors. 1998. Climate and climate change in Western Canada as simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model. Atmos.-Ocean. 36(2), 119–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laprise R. Caya D. Frigon A. Paquin D. Current and perturbed climate as simulated by the second-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM-II) over northwestern North America. Clim. Dyn. 2003; 21: 405–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li J. Barker H. W. A radiation algorithm with correlated-k distribution. Part I: local thermal equilibrium. J. Atmos. Sci. 2005; 62: 286–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Long Z. Perrie W. Gyakum J. Caya D. Laprise R. Northern lake impacts on local seasonal climate. J. Hydrometeorol. 2007; 8: 881–896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martynov A. Sushama L. Laprise R. Simulation of temperate freezing lakes by one-dimensional lake models: performance assessment for interactive coupling with regional climate models. Boreal Environ. Res. 2010; 15: 143–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane N. A. The effect of orographically excited gravity-wave drag on the circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 1987; 44: 1175–1800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane N. A. Boer G. J. Blanchet J.-P. Lazare M. The Canadian climate centre second generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. J. Climate. 1992; 5: 1013–1044.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mironov, D, Heise, E, Kourzeneva, E, Ritter, B, Schneider, N and co-authors. 2010. Implementation of the lake parameterisation scheme FLake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO. Boreal Environ. Res. 15, 218–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson J. C. Hamblin P. F. Thermal simulation of lakes with winter ice cover. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1988; 33: 328–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer, D. A, Caya, D, Frigon, A, Côté, H, Giguère, M and co-authors. 2006. Climate and climate change over North America as simulated by the Canadian RCM. J. Climate. 19, 3112–3132.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuelsson P. Kourzeneva E. Mironov D. The impact of lakes on the European climate as simulated by a regional climate model. Boreal Environ. Res. 2010; 15: 113–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenburgh W. J. Halvorson S. F. Onton D. J. Climatology of lake-effect snowstorms of the Great Salt Lake. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000; 128: 709–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stepanenko V. Goyette S. Martynov A. Mironov D. The LakeMIP – Lake Model Intercomparison Project. Boreal Env. Res. 2010; 15: 191–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sundqvist H. Berge E. Kristjansson J. E. Condensation and cloud parameterization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Mon Weather Rev. 1989; 117: 1641–1657.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Swayne D. Lam D. MacKay M. Rouse W. Schertzer W. Assessment of the interaction between the Canadian Regional Climate Model and lake thermal-hydrodynamic models. Environ. Modell. Softw. 2005; 20: 1505–1513.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verseghy D. L. CLASS – a Canadian land surface scheme for GCMs: I. Soil Model. Int. J. Climatol. 1991; 11(2): 111–133.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verseghy, D. L. 2009. CLASS – The Canadian Land Surface Scheme (Version 3.4) – Technical Documentation (Version 1.1). Internal report, Climate Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 183 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, J, Hu, H, Schwab, D, Leshkevich, G, Beletsky, D and co-authors. 2010. Development of the Great Lakes Ice-circulation Model (GLIM): application to Lake Erie in 2003–2004. J. Great Lakes Res. 36, 425–436.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeh, K.-S, Côté, J, Gravel, S, Méthot, A, Patoine, A and co-authors. 2002. The CMC-MRB global environmental multiscale (GEM) model. Part III: nonhydrostatic formulation. Mon. Wea. Rev. 130, 339–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zadra, A, Caya, D, Côté, J, Dugas, B, Jones, C and co-authors. 2008. The next Canadian Regional Climate Model. Phys. Canada. 64, 74–83.
   Google Scholar
• Zadra A. Roch M. Laroche S. Charron M. The subgrid scale orographic blocking parametrization of the GEM model. Atmos.-Ocean. 2003; 41: 155–170.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang G. J. McFarlane N. A. Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterisation of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre General Circulation Model. Atmos.-Ocean. 1995; 33(3): 407–446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar