Numerical modelling of snow and ice thicknesses in Lake Vanajavesi, Finland

References

• Anderson, E. 1976. A point energy and mass balance model for a snow cover. NOAA Technical Report. NWS 19, 150 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Arst H. Erm A. Leppäranta M. Reinart A. Radiative characteristics of ice-covered freshwater and brackish water bodies. Proc. Estonian Acad. Sci. Geol. 2006; 55: 3–23.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett T. J. A coupled atmosphere-sea-ice model study of the role of sea ice in climatic predictability. J. Atmos. Sci. 1982; 39: 1456–1465.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown L. C. Duguay C. R. The response and role of ice cover in lake-climate interactions. Prog. Phys. Geogr. 2010; 34: 671–704.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burda N. Y. Computer simulation for Ladoga Lake ice dynamics based on remotely sensed data. Int. Geosci. Remote Sensing Symp. 1999; 2: 937–939.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, B. 2002. On modeling of sea ice thermodynamics and air-ice coupling in the Bohai Sea and the Baltic Sea. Finnish Institute of Marine Research – Contributions. 5, 38 pp. ( Ph.D thesis)
   Google Scholar
• Cheng B. Vihma T. Launiainen J. Modelling of the superimposed ice formation and sub-surface melting in the Baltic Sea. Geophysica. 2003; 39: 31–50.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng, B, Zhang, Z, Vihma, T, Johansson, M, Bian, L and co-authors. 2008. Model experiments on snow and ice thermodynamics in the Arctic Ocean with CHINAREN 2003 data. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C09020., 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drebs A. Nordlund A. Karlsson P. Helminen J. Rissanen P. Climatological Statistics of Finland 1971–2000. Finnish Meteorological Institute: Helsinki, 2002
   Google Scholar
• Duguay, C. R, Flato, G. M, Jeffries, M. O, Ménard, P, Morris, K and co-authors. 2003. Ice-cover variability on shallow lakes at high latitudes: model simulations and observations. Hydrol. Proces. 17, 3464–3483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eerola K. Rontu L. Kourzeneva E. Shcherbak E. A study on effects of lake temperature and ice cover in HIRLAM. Boreal Env. Res. 2010; 15: 130–142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efimova N. A. On methods of calculating monthly values of net longwave radiation. Meteor. Gidrol. 1961; 10: 28–33.
   Google Scholar
• Ellis A. W. Johnson J. J. Hydroclimatic analysis of snowfall trends associated with the North American Great Lakes. J. Hydrol. 2004; 5: 471–486.
   Google Scholar
• Flato G. M. Brown R. D. Variablility and climate sensitivity of landfast Arctic sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 1996; 101: 25767–25777.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grenfell T. C. Maykut G. A. The optical properties of ice and snow in the Arctic Basin. J. Glaciol. 1977; 18: 445–463.
   Google Scholar
• Heron R. Woo M. K. Decay of a High Arctic lake-ice cover: observations and modelling. J. Glaciol. 1994; 40: 283–292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaatinen, E, Leppäranta, M, Erm, A, Lei, R, Pärn, O and co-authors. 2010. Light conditions and ice cover structure in Lake Vanajavesi. In: Proceedings of the 20th IAHR Ice Symposium, Paper #79. Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, J. D. 1978. Radiation climate of Broughton Island. In: Energy Budget Studies in Relation to Fast-ice Breakup Processes in Davis Strait, Occasional Paper. R. G. Barry and J. D. Jacobs). Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, 26, pp. 105–120.
   Google Scholar
• Jakkila J. Leppäranta M. Kawamura T. Shirasawa K. Salonen K. Radiation transfer and heat budget during the melting season in Lake Pääjärvi. Aquat. Ecol. 2009; 43: 681–692.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kärkäs E. The ice season of Lake Pääjärvi in southern Finland. Geophysica. 2000; 36: 85–94.
   Google Scholar
• Korhonen, J. 2005Suomen vesistöjen jääolot [Ice Conditions in Lakes and Reviers in Finland]. Suomen ympäristö 751. Finnish Environment Institute. (in Finnish with English summary).
   Google Scholar
• Launiainen, J and Cheng, B. 1995. A simple non-iterative algorithm for calculating turbulent bulk fluxes in diabatic conditions over water, snow/ice and ground surface. Report Series in Geophysics. Department of Geophysics, University of Helsinki, 33 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Launiainen J. Cheng B. Modelling of ice thermodynamics in nature water bodies. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 1998; 27: 153–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lei R. Leppäranta M. Erm A. Jaatinen E. Pärn O. Field investigations of apparent optical properties of ice cover in Finnish and Estonian lakes in winter 2009. Est. J. Earth Sci. 2011; 60: 50–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppäranta M. A growth model for black ice, snow ice and snow thickness in subarctic basins. Nordic Hydrol. 1983; 14: 59–70.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppäranta M. A review of analytical models of sea-ice growth. Atmos. Ocean. 1993; 31: 123–138.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppäranta, M. 2009. Modelling the formation and decay of lake ice. In: Climate change impact on European lakes. G. George. Springer, Berlin. Aquatic Ecology Series. 4, pp. 63–83.
   Google Scholar
• Leppäranta M. Kosloff P. The thickness and structure of Lake Pääjärvi ice. Geophysica. 2000; 36: 233–248.
   Google Scholar
• Leppäranta M. Lewis J. E. Observations of ice surface temperature and thickness in the Baltic Sea. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007; 28: 3963–3977.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leppäranta, M and Uusikivi, J. 2002. The annual cycle of the Lake Pääjärvi ice. Lammi Notes 29. Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki.
   Google Scholar
• Liston G. E. Hall D. K. An energy-balance model of lake-ice evolution. J. Glaciol. 1995; 10: 373–382.
   Google Scholar
• Livingstone D. M. Lake oxygenation: application of a one-box model with ice cover. Int. Rev. Ges. Hydrol. 1993; 78: 465–480.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maykut G. A. Untersteiner N. Some results from a time-dependent thermodynamic model of sea ice. J. Geophys. Res. 1971; 76: 1550–1575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mäkynen, M, Similä, M, Cheng, B, Laine, V and Karvonen, J. 2010. Sea ice thickness retrieval in the Baltic Sea using MODIS and SAR data. In: Proceeding of SeaSAR2010, Frascati, Italy, ESA SP-679.
   Google Scholar
• Mironov, D, Heise, E, Kourzeneva, E, Ritter, B, Schneider, N and co-authors. 2010. Implementation of the lake parameterisation scheme Flake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO. Boreal Env. Res. 15, 218–230.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nonaka T. Matsunaga T. Hoyano A. Estimating ice breakup dates on Eurasian lakes using water temperature trends and threshold surface temperatures derived from MODIS data. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2007; 28: 2163–2179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palecki M. A. Barry R. G. Freeze-up and break-up of lakes as an index of temperature changes during the transition seasons: a case study for Finland. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 1986; 25: 893–902.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson J. C. Hamblin P. F. Thermal simulation of a lake with winter ice cover. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1988; 33: 323–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirazzini R. Vihma T. Granskog M. A. Cheng B. Surface albedo measurements over sea ice in the Baltic Sea during the spring snowmelt period. Ann. Glaciol. 2006; 44: 7–14.
   Google Scholar
• Rothrock D. A. Yu Y. Maykut G. A. Thinning of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1999; 26: 3469–3472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouse, W. R, Blanken, P. D, Duguay, C. R, Oswald, C. J and Schertzer, W. M. 2008b. Climate–lake interations. In: Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies: The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience. (ed. MK. Woo). Vol. 2, Springer, Berlin, pp. 139–160.
   Google Scholar
• Rouse, W. R, Binyamin, J, Blanken, P. D, Bussières, N, Duguay C. R and co-authors. 2008a. The influence of lakes on the regional energy and water balance of the central Mackenzie. In: Cold Region Atmospheric and Hydrologic Studies: The Mackenzie GEWEX Experience. (ed. MK. Woo). Vol. 1, Springer, Berlin, pp. 309–325.
   Google Scholar
• Salgado R. LE Moigne P. Coupling of the Flake model to the Surfex externalized surface model. Boreal Env. Res. 2010; 15: 231–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saloranta T. Modeling the evolution of snow, snow ice and ice in the Baltic Sea. Tellus. 2000; 52A: 93–108.
   Google Scholar
• Shine K. P. Parameterization of shortwave flux over high albedo surfaces as a function of cloud thickness and surface albedo. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 1984; 110: 747–764.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shirasawa, K, Leppäranta, M, Kawamura, T, Ishikawa, M and Takatsuka, T. 2006. Measurements and modelling of the water – ice heat flux in natural waters. In: Proceedings of the 18th IAHR International Symposium on Ice, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan, pp. 85–91.
   Google Scholar
• Shirasawa, K, Leppäranta, M, Saloranta, T, Kawamura, T, Polomoshnov, A and co-authors. 2005. The thickness of coastal fast ice in the Sea of Okhotsk. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 42, 25–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vihma T. Subgrid parameterization of surface heat and momentum fluxes over polar oceans. J. Geophys. Res. 1995; 100: 22625–22646.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wake A. Rumer R. R. Great lakes ice dynamics simulation. J. Waterway Port Coast. Ocean Eng. 1983; 109: 86–102.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X, Key, J. R and Liu, Y. 2010. A thermodynamic model for estimating sea and lake ice thickness with optical satellite data. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C12035., 10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.17202.
   Google Scholar
• Wendler, G and Eaton, F. 1990. Surface radiation budget at Barrow, Alaska. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 41, 107–115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams G. Layman K. L. Stefan H. G. Dependence of lake ice covers on climatic, geographic and bathymetric variables. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 2004; 40: 145–164.
   Google Scholar