540
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Dynamic Meteorology

Mechanisms controlling the onset of simulated convectively coupled Kelvin waves

, &
Article: 22107 | Received 12 Jul 2013, Accepted 06 Jan 2014, Published online: 31 Jan 2014

References

  • Back L. E , Bretherton C. S . The relationship between wind speed and precipitation in the Pacific ITCZ. J. Clim. 2005; 18: 4317–4328.
  • Bretherton C. S , Peters M. E , Back L. E . Relationships between water vapor path and precipitation over the tropical oceans. J. Clim. 2004; 17: 1517–1528.
  • Derbyshire S. H , Beau I , Bechtold P , Grandpeix J.-Y , Piriou J.-M , co-authors . Sensitivity of moist convection to environmental humidity. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 2004; 130: 3055–3079.
  • Firestone J , Albrecht B. A . The structure of the atmospheric boundary layer in the central equatorial Pacific during FGGE. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1986; 114: 2219–2231.
  • Fuchs Ž , Gjorgjievska S , Raymond D. J . Effects of varying the shape of the convective heating profile on convectively coupled gravity waves and moisture modes. J. Atmos. Sci. 2012; 69: 2505–2519.
  • Grabowski W. W , Moncrieff M. W . Large-scale organization of tropical convection in two-dimensional explicit numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 2001; 127: 445–468.
  • Hirons L. C , Inness P , Vitart F , Bechtold P . Understanding advances in the simulation of intraseasonal variability in the ECMWF model. Part II: the application of process-based diagnostics. Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 2013; 139: 1427–1444.
  • Kiladis G. N , Wheeler M. C , Haertel P. T , Straub K. H , Roundy P. E . Convectively coupled equatorial waves. Rev. Geophys. 2009; 47: 2003.
  • Khouider B , Majda A. J . A simple multicloud parameterization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part I: linear analysis. J. Atmos. Sci. 2006; 63: 1308–1323.
  • Khouider B , Majda A. J . A simple multicloud parametrization for convectively coupled tropical waves. Part II: nonlinear simulations. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007; 64: 381–400.
  • Khouider B , Majda A. J . Multi-cloud models for organized tropical convection: enhanced congestus heating. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008; 65: 895–914.
  • Kuang Z . A moisture-stratiform instability for convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008; 65: 834–854.
  • Kuang Z , Blossey P. N , Bretherton C. S . A new approach for 3D cloud resolving simulations of large scale atmospheric circulation. Geophys. Res. Letts. 2005; 32: 02809.
  • Lucas C , Zipser E. J , Ferrier B. S . Sensitivity of tropical west Pacific oceanic squall lines to tropospheric wind and moisture profiles. J. Atmos. Sci. 2000; 57: 2351–2373.
  • Majda A. J , Khouider B , Kiladis G. N , Straub K. H , Shefter M. G . A model for convectively coupled tropical waves: nonlinearity, rotation, and comparison with observations. J. Atmos. Sci. 2004; 61: 2188–2205.
  • Majda A. J , Shefter M. G . Waves and instabilities for model tropical convective parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci. 2001a; 58: 896–914.
  • Majda A. J , Shefter M. G . Models for stratiform instability and convectively coupled waves. J. Atmos. Sci. 2001b; 58: 1567–1584.
  • Mapes B. E . Convective inhibition, subgrid-scale triggering energy, and stratiform instability in a toy tropical wave model. J. Atmos. Sci. 2000; 57: 1515–1535.
  • Numaguti A , Hayashi Y . Gravity-wave dynamics of the hierarchical structure of super cloud clusters. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 2000; 78: 301–331.
  • Peters M. E , Bretherton C. S . Structure of tropical variability from a vertical mode perspective. Theor. Comp. Fluid. Dyn. 2006; 20: 501–524.
  • Peters O , Neelin J. D . Critical phenomena in atmospheric precipitation. Nat. Phys. 2006; 2: 393–396.
  • Raymond D. J . Regulation of moist convection over the west Pacific warm pool. J. Atmos. Sci. 1995; 52: 3945–3959.
  • Raymond D. J , Fuchs Ž Convectively coupled gravity and moisture modes in a simple atmospheric model. Tellus A. 2007; 59: 627–640.
  • Raymond D. J , Raga G. B , Bretherton C. S , Molinari J , López-Carrillo C , co-authors . Convective forcing in the intertropical convergence zone of the eastern Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci. 2003; 60: 2064–2082.
  • Raymond D. J , Sessions S. L . Evolution of convection during tropical cyclogenesis. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007; 34: 06811.
  • Raymond D. J , Sessions S , Fuchs Ž A theory for the spinup of tropical depressions. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2007; 133: 1743–1754.
  • Raymond D. J , Sessions S. L , Lopez Carrillo C . Thermodynamics of tropical cyclogenesis in the northwest Pacific. J. Geophys. Res. 2011; 116: 18101.
  • Raymond D. J , Zeng X . Modelling tropical atmospheric convection in the context of the weak temperature gradient approximation. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2005; 131: 1301–1320.
  • Roundy P. E , Frank W. M . A climatology of waves in the equatorial region. J. Atmos. Sci. 2004; 61: 2105–2132.
  • Sobel A. H , Yuter S. E , Bretherton C. S , Kiladis G. N . Large-scale meteorology and deep convection during TRMM KWAJEX. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2004; 132: 422–444.
  • Straub K. H , Kiladis G. N . Observations of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave in the eastern Pacific ITCZ. J. Atmos. Sci. 2002; 59: 30–53.
  • Straub K. H , Kiladis G. N . The observed structure of convectively coupled Kelvin waves: comparison with simple models of coupled wave instability. J. Atmos. Sci. 2003; 60: 1655–1668.
  • Sugiyama M . The moisture mode in the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. Part I: analysis based on the weak temperature gradient approximation. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009a; 66: 1507–1523.
  • Sugiyama M . The moisture mode in the quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model. Part II: nonlinear behavior on an equatorial beta plane. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009b; 66: 1525–1542.
  • Tulich S. N , Mapes B. E . Multiscale convective wave disturbances in the tropics: insights from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008; 65: 140–155.
  • Tulich S. N , Randall D. A , Mapes B. E . Vertical-mode and cloud decomposition of large-scale convectively coupled gravity waves in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007; 64: 1210–1229.
  • Yuter S. E , Houze Jr., R. A . The 1997 Pan American Climate Studies tropical eastern Pacific process study. Part I: ITCZ region. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 2000; 81: 451–481.
  • Zipser E. J . Mesoscale and convective – scale downdrafts as distinct components of squall-line structure. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1977; 105: 1568–1589.