Sensitivity of simulated regional Arctic climate to the choice of coupled model domain

References

• Alexandru A. , de Elia R. , Laprise R. , Separovic L. , Biner S . Sensitivity study of regional climate model simulations to large-scale nudging parameters. Mon. Weather Rev. 2008; 137: 1666–1686. DOI: 10.1175/2008MWR2620.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldrian E. , Sein D. , Jacob D. , Gates L. D. , Podzun R . Modelling of Indonesian rainfall with a coupled regional model. Clim. Dyn. 2005; 25: 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Archambault H. M. , Bosart L. F. , Keyser D. , Aiyyer A. R . Influence of large-scale flow regimes on cool-season precipitation in the northeastern United States. Mon. Weather Rev. 2008; 136: 2945–2963.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bader J. , Mesquita M. D. , Hodges K. I. , Keenlyside N. , Østerhus S , co-authors . A review on Northern Hemisphere sea ice, storminess and the North Atlantic Oscillation: observations and projected changes. Atmos. Res. 2011; 101: 809–834.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bitz C. M. , Fyfe J. C. , Flato G. M . Sea ice response to wind forcing from AMIP models. J. Clim. 2002; 15: 522–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackmon M. L . A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the northern hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci. 1976; 33: 1607–1623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castro C. L. , Pielke R. A. Sr. , Leoncini G . Dynamical downscaling: assessment of value retained and added using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). J. Geophys. Res. 2005; 110: 05108. DOI: 10.1029/2004JD004721.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman W. L. , Walsh J. E . Simulations of Arctic temperature and pressure by global coupled models. J. Clim. 2007; 20: 609–632.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cavalieri D. , Parkinson C. , Gloersen P. , Zwally H. J . Updated Yearly. Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, 1979–2010, National Snow and Ice Data Center . 1996; Boulder, CO: Digital Media.
   Google Scholar
• Dmitrenko I. A. , Polyakov I. V. , Kirillov S. A. , Timokhov L. A. , Frolov I. E. , co-authors . Toward a warmer Arctic Ocean: spreading of the early 21st century Atlantic Water warm anomaly along the Eurasian Basin margins. J. Geophys. Res – Oceans. 2008; 113: 05023. DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Döscher R. , Wyser K. , Meier M. , Qian M. , Redler R . Quantifying Arctic contributions to climate predictability in a regional coupled ocean–ice–atmosphere model. Clim. Dyn. 2010; 34: 1157–1176. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0567-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feser F. , Rockel B. , von Storch H. , Winterfeldt J. , Zahn M . Regional climate models add value to global model data: a review and selected examples. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2011; 92: 1181–1192. DOI: 10.1175/2011BAMS3061.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hagemann S. , Dümenil Gates L . Validation of the hydrological cycle of ECMWF and NCEP reanalyses using the MPI hydrological discharge model. J. Geophys. Res. 2001; 106: 1503–1510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henry O. , Prandi P. , Llovel W. , Cazenave A. , Jevrejeva S. , co-authors . Tide gauge-based sea level variations since 1950 along the Norwegian and Russian coasts of the Arctic Ocean: contribution of the steric and mass components. J. Geophys. Res. – Oceans. 2012; 117: 06023. DOI: 10.1029/2011JC007706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskins B. J. , Valdes P. J . On the existence of storm-tracks. J. Atmos. Sci. 1990; 47: 1854–1864.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurrell J. W. , Kushnir Y. , Visbeck M. , Ottersen G . Hurrell J.W. , Kushnir Y. , Ottersen G. , Visbeck M . An overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate Significance and Environmental Impact. 2003; Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union. 1–35. DOI: 10.1029/134GM01 Geophysical Monograph Series.
   Google Scholar
• Jacob D . A note to the simulation of the annual and interannual variability of the water budget over the Baltic Sea drainage basin. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 2001; 77(1–4): 61–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob D. , Podzun R . Sensitivity studies with the regional climate model REMO. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 1997; 63: 119–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalnay E. , Kanamitsu M. , Kistler R. , Collins W. , Deaven D. , co-authors . The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 1996; 77: 437–470.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenigk T. , Brodeau L. , Grand Graversen R. , Karlsson J. , Svensson G. , co-authors . Arctic climate change in 21st century CMIP5 simulations with EC-Earth. Clim. Dyn. 2013; 40: 2719–2743. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-012-1505-y.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenigk T. , Döscher R. , Nikulin G . Arctic future scenario experiments with a coupled regional climate model. Tellus A. 2011; 63: 69–86.
   Google Scholar
• Koldunov N. V. , Köhl A. , Stammer D . Properties of adjoint sea ice sensitivities to atmospheric forcing and implications for the causes of the long term trend of Arctic sea ice. Clim. Dyn. 2013; 41: 227–241. DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1816-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koldunov N. V. , Stammer D. , Marotzke J . Present-day Arctic sea ice variability in the coupled ECHAM5/MPI-OM model. J. Clim. 2010; 23: 2520–2543.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laxon S. , Peacock N. , Smith D . High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region. Nature. 2003; 425: 947–950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levitus S. , Boyer T. P. , Conkright M. E. , O'Brien T. , Antonov J. , co-authors . Introduction. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 18, Ocean Climate Laboratory, National Oceanographic Data Center, U.S. Gov. World Ocean Database 1998. 1998; Washington, DC: Printing Office. DOI: 10.1175/2008JCLI2521.1.
   Google Scholar
• Lindsay R. , Wensnahan M. , Schweiger A. , Zhang J . Evaluation of seven different atmospheric reanalysis products in the Arctic. J. Clim. 2014; 27: 2588–2606. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00014.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo D. , Gong T. , Diao Y . Dynamics of eddy-driven low frequency dipole modes. Part III: meridional displacement of westerly jet anomalies during two phases of NAO. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007; 64: 3232–3248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsland S. J. , Haak H. , Jungclaus J. H. , Latif M. , Roeske F . The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Model. 2003; 5: 91–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maslanik J. , Stroeve J. , Fowler C. , Emery W . Distribution and trends in arctic sea ice age through spring 2011. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2011; 38: 13502. DOI: 10.1029/2011GL047735.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikolajewicz U. , Sein D. , Jacob D. , Kahl T. , Podzun R. , co-authors . Simulating Arctic sea ice variability with a coupled regional atmosphere–ocean–sea ice model. Meteorol. Z. 2005; 14: 793–800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morison J. , Kwok R. , Peralta-Ferriz C. , Alkire M. , Rigor I. , co-authors . Changing Arctic Ocean freshwater pathways. Nature. 2012; 481: 66–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Notz D. , Marotzke J . Observations reveal external driver for Arctic sea-ice retreat. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2012; 39: 08502. DOI: 10.1029/2012GL051094.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omrani H. , Drobinski P. , Dubos T . Spectral nudging in regional climate modelling: how strongly should we nudge?. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2012; 138: 1808–1813. DOI: 10.1002/qj.1894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omrani H. , Drobinski P. , Dubos T . Optimal nudging strategies in regional climate modelling: investigation in a Big-Brother experiment over the European and Mediterranean regions. Clim. Dyn. 2013; 41(9/10): 2451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overland J. E. , Wang M . Large-scale atmospheric circulation changes are associated with the recent loss of Arctic sea ice. Tellus A. 2010; 62: 1–9. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2009.00421.x.
   Google Scholar
• Pinto J. G. , Raible C. C . Past and recent changes in the North Atlantic oscillation. Wiley Interdiscip. Rev. Clim. Change. 2012; 3: 79–90. DOI: 10.1002/wcc.150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto J. G. , Reyers M. , Ulbrich U . The variable link between PNA and NAO in observations and in multi-century CGCM simulations. Clim Dyn. 2011; 36: 337–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polyakov I. V. , Beszczynska A. , Carmack E. C. , Dmitrenko I. A. , Fahrbach E. , co-authors . One more step toward a warmer Arctic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005; 32: 17605. DOI: 10.1029/2005GL023740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proshutinsky A. , Ashik I. M. , Dvorkin E. N. , Häkkinen S. , Krishfield R. A. , co-authors . Secular sea level change in the Russian sector of the Arctic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. – Oceans. 2004; 109: C03042. DOI: 10.1029/2003JC002007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Proshutinsky A. , Krishfield R. , Timmermans M. L. , Toole J. , Carmack E. , co-authors . Beaufort Gyre freshwater reservoir: state and variability from observations. J. Geophys. Res. – Oceans. 2009; 114: 00A10. DOI: 10.1029/2008JC005104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screen J. A. , Simmonds I . The central role of diminishing sea ice in recent Arctic temperature amplification. Nature. 2010; 464: 1334–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Screen J. A. , Simmonds I. , Deser C. , Tomas R . The atmospheric response to three decades of observed Arctic sea ice loss. J. Clim. 2013; 26: 1230–1248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze M. C. , Barry R. G . Processes and impacts of Arctic amplification: a research synthesis. Glob. Planet. Change. 2011; 77: 85–96.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroeve J. C. , Serreze M. C. , Holland M. M. , Kay J. E. , Malanik J. , co-authors . The Arctic's rapidly shrinking sea ice cover: a research synthesis. Clim. Change. 2012; 11: 1005–1027.
   Google Scholar
• Strong C. , Magnusdottir G . Dependence of NAO variability on coupling with sea ice. Clim. Dyn. 2011; 36: 1681–1689.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson D. W. J. , Wallace J. M . The Arctic Oscillation signature in the wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1998; 25: 1297–1300.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uppala S. M. , KÅllberg P. W. , Simmons A. J. , Andrae U. , Da Costa Bechtold V. , co-authors . The ERA-40 reanalysis. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2005; 131: 2961–3012.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valcke S. , Caubel A. , Declat D. , Terray L . OASIS3 Ocean Atmosphere Sea Ice Soil User's Guide. 2003. Technical Report TR/CMGC/03-69, CERFACS, Toulouse, France.
   Google Scholar
• Von Storch H. , Langenberg H. , Feser F . A spectral nudging technique for dynamical downscaling purposes. Mon. Wea. Rev. 2000; 128: 3664–3673.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace J. M. , Gutzler D. S . Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Weather Rev. 1981; 109: 784–812.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu B. , Wang J. , Walsh J. E . Dipole anomaly in the winter Arctic atmosphere and its association with sea ice motion. J. Clim. 2006; 19: 210–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar