The sensitivity of characteristics of cyclone activity to identification procedures in tracking algorithms

References

• Akperov M. G. , Bardin M. Y. , Volodin E. M. , Golitsyn G. S. , Mokhov I. I . Probability distributions for cyclones and anticyclones from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the INM RAS climate model. Izvest. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 2007; 43: 705–712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen J. T. , Pezza A. B. , Black M. T . Explosive cyclogenesis: a global climatology comparing multiple reanalyses. J. Clim. 2010; 23: 6468–6484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bardin M. Y. , Polonsky A. B . North Atlantic Oscillation and synoptic variability in the European-Atlantic region in winter. Izvest. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 2005; 41: 127–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer M. , Del Genio A. D . Composite analysis of winter cyclones in a GCM: influence on climatological humidity. J. Clim. 2006; 19: 1652–1672.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blender R. , Fraedrich K. , Lunkeit F . Identification of cyclone track regimes in the North Atlantic. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 1997; 123: 727–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broccoli A. J. , Manabe S . The effects of orography on midlatitude Northern Hemisphere dry climates. J. Clim. 1992; 5: 1181–1201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dee D. P. , Uppala S. M. , Simmons A. J. , Berrisford P. , Poli P. , co-authors . The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2011; 137: 553–597.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flaounas E. , Kotroni V. , Lagouvardos K. , Flaounas I . CycloTRACK (v1.0): tracking winter extratropical cyclones based on relative vorticity: sensitivity to data filtering and other relevant parameters. Geosci. Model Dev. 2014; 7: 1841–1853.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flocas H. A. , Simmonds I. , Kouroutzoglou J. , Keay K. , Hatzaki M. , co-authors . On cyclonic tracks over the eastern Mediterranean. J. Clim. 2010; 23: 5243–5257.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng Q. , Sugi M . Variability of the North Atlantic cyclone activity in winter analyzed from NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. J. Clim. 2001; 14: 3863–3873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gulev S. K. , Zolina O. , Grigoriev S . Extratropical cyclone variability in the Northern Hemisphere winter from the NCEP/NCAR-Reanalysis data. Clim. Dynam. 2001; 17: 795–809.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanley J. , Caballero R . Objective identification and tracking of multicentre cyclones in the ERA interim reanalysis data set. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2012; 138: 612–625.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hewson T. D . Objective identification of frontal wave cyclones, Meteorol. Appl. 1997; 4: 311–315.
   Google Scholar
• Hewson T. D. , Titley H. A . Objective identification, typing and tracking of the complete life-cycles of cyclonic features at high spatial resolution. Meteorol. Appl. 2010; 17: 355–381.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodges K. I. , Lee R. W. , Bengtsson L . A comparison of extratropical cyclones in recent reanalyses ERA-interim, NASA MERRA, NCEP CFSR, and JRA-25. J. Clim. 2011; 24: 4888–4906.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoskins B. J. , Hodges K. I . New perspectives on the Northern Hemisphere winter storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci. 2002; 59(6): 1041–1061.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inatsu M . The neighbor enclosed area tracking algorithm for extratropical wintertime cyclones. Atmos. Sci. Lett. 2009; 10: 267–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kew S. F. , Sprenger M. , Davies H. C . Potential vorticity anomalies of the lowermost stratosphere: a 10-yr winter climatology. Mon. Weather Rev. 2010; 138: 1234–1249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouroutzoglou J. , Flocas H. A. , Keay K. , Simmonds I. , Hatzaki M . On the vertical structure of Mediterranean explosive cyclones. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2012; 110: 155–176.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lackmann G. M. , Bosart L. F. , Keyser D . Planetary- and synoptic-scale characteristics of explosive wintertime cyclogenesis over the western North Atlantic Ocean. Mon. Weather Rev. 1996; 124: 2672–2702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee S.-S. , Lee J.-Y. , Ha K.-J. , Wang B. , Kitoh A. , co-authors . Role of the Tibetan Plateau on the annual variation of mean atmospheric circulation and storm-track activity. J. Clim. 2013; 26: 5270–5286.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee W.-J. , Mak M . The role of orography in the dynamics of storm tracks. J. Atmos. Sci. 1996; 53: 1737–1750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim E.-P. , Simmonds I . Explosive cyclone development in the Southern Hemisphere and a comparison with Northern Hemisphere events. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002; 130: 2188–2209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lionello P. , Dalan F. , Elvini E . Cyclones in the Mediterranean region: the present and the doubled CO2 climate scenarios. Clim. Res. 2002; 22: 147–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Löptien U. , Zolina O. , Gulev S. K. , Latif M. , Soloviov V . Cyclone life cycle characteristics over the Northern Hemisphere in coupled GCMs. Clim. Dynam. 2008; 31: 507–532.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray R. J. , Simmonds I . A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part I: development and operation of the scheme. Aust. Meteorol. Mag. 1991; 39: 155–166.
   Google Scholar
• Neu U , Akperov M. G , Bellenbaum N , Benestad R , Blender R , co-authors . IMILAST–a community effort to intercompare extratropical cyclone detection and tracking algorithms: assessing method-related uncertainties. Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 2013; 94: 529–547.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park H.-S. , Chiang J. C. H. , Son S.-W . The role of the central Asian mountains on the midwinter suppression of North Pacific storminess. J. Atmos. Sci. 2010; 67: 3706–3720.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto J. G. , Spangehl T. , Ulbrich U. , Speth P . Sensitivities of a cyclone detection and tracking algorithm: individual tracks and climatology. Meteorol. Z. 2005; 14: 823–838.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pook M. , Cowled L . On the detection of weather systems over the Antarctic interior in the FROST analyses. Weather Forecast. 1999; 14: 920–929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raible C. C. , Della-Marta P. , Schwierz C. , Wernli H. , Blender R . Northern Hemisphere extratropical cyclones: a comparison of detection and tracking methods and different reanalyses. Mon. Weather Rev. 2008; 136: 880–897.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudeva I. , Gulev S. K . Climatology of cyclone size characteristics and their changes during the cyclone life cycle. Mon. Weather Rev. 2007; 135: 2568–2587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudeva I. , Gulev S. K . Composite analysis of North Atlantic extratropical cyclones in NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data. Mon. Weather Rev. 2011; 139: 1419–1446.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders F. , Gyakum J. R . Synoptic-dynamic climatology of the ‘bomb’. Mon. Weather Rev. 1980; 108: 1589–1606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze M. C . Climatological aspects of cyclone development and decay in the Arctic. Atmos. Ocean. 1995; 33: 1–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze M. C. , Carse F. , Barry R. G. , Rogers J. C . Icelandic low cyclone activity: climatological features, linkages with the NAO, and relationships with the recent changes in the Northern Hemisphere circulation. J. Clim. 1997; 10: 453–464.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sickmöller M. , Blender R. , Fraedrich K . Observed winter cyclone tracks in the Northern Hemisphere in reanalyzed ECMWF data. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc. 2000; 126: 591–620.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds I . Size changes over the life of sea level cyclones in the NCEP reanalysis. Mon. Weather Rev. 2000; 128: 4118–4125.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simmonds I. , Keay K. , Lim E.-P . Synoptic activity in the seas around Antarctica. Mon. Weather Rev. 2003; 131: 272–288.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair M. R . An objective cyclone climatology for the Southern Hemisphere. Mon. Weather Rev. 1994; 122: 2239–2256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinclair M. R . Objective identification of cyclones and their circulation intensity, and climatology. Weather Forecast. 1997; 12: 595–612.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tilinina N. , Gulev S. K. , Rudeva I. , Koltermann P . Comparing cyclone life cycle characteristics and their interannual variability in different reanalyses. J. Clim. 2013; 26: 6419–6438.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trigo I. F . Climatology and interannual variability of storm-tracks in the Euro-Atlantic sector: a comparison between ERA-40 and NCEP/NCAR reanalyses, Clim. Dynam. 2006; 26: 127–143.
   Google Scholar
• Ulbrich U , Leckebusch G. C , Grieger J , Schuster M , Akperov M , co-authors . Are greenhouse gas signals of Northern Hemisphere winter extra-tropical cyclone activity dependent on the identification and tracking algorithm?. Meteorol. Z. 2013; 22/1: 61–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang X. L. , Swail V. R. , Zwiers F. W . Climatology and changes of extratropical cyclone activity: comparison of ERA-40 with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis for 1958–2001. J. Clim. 2006; 19: 3145–3166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wernli H. , Schwierz C . Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958–2001). Part I: novel identification method and global climatology. J. Atmos. Sci. 2006; 63: 2486–2507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zolina O. , Gulev S. K . Improving the accuracy of mapping cyclone numbers and frequencies. Mon. Weather Rev. 2002; 130: 748–759.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar