Seasonal variations of Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni levels in snow from the eastern Arctic Ocean

References

• Barrie, L. A., Hoff, R. M. and Doggupaty, S. M. 1981. The influence of mid-latitudinal pollution sources on haze in the Canadian Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1407–1419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boutron, C. 1979a. Trace element content of Greenland snows along an east-west transect. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada 43, 1253–1258.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boutron, C. 1979b. Past and present day tropospheric fallout fluxes of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Ag in Antarctica and Greenland. Geophys. Res. Lett. 6, 159–162.
   Google Scholar
• Boutron, C. and Lorius, C. 1979. Trace metals in Antarctic snows since 1914. Nature 277, 551–554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borys, R. D. and Rahn, K. A. 1981. Long-range atmospheric transport of cloud-active aerosol to Iceland. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1491–1501.
   Google Scholar
• Carlson, T. N. 1981. Speculations on the movement of polluted air to the Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1473–1477.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson, C. I., Chu, L., Grimm, T. C., Nasta, M. A. and Qamoos, M. P. 1981. Wet and dry deposition of trace elements onto the Greenland ice sheet. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1429–1437.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duce, R. A., Hoffmann, G. L. and Zoller, W. H. 1975. Atmospheric trace metals at remote northern and southern hemisphere sites; pollution or natural? Science 187, 59–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher, B. E. A. 1978. The calculation of long-term sulphur deposition in Europe. Atmos. Environ. 12, 489–501.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidam, N. Z. 1981. On the origin of the Arctic aerosol: a statistical approach. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1421–1427.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heintzenberg, J., Hansson, H. C. and Lannefors, H. 1981. The chemical composition of arctic haze at Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen. Tellus 33, 162–171.
   Google Scholar
• Herron, M. M., Langway, C. C., Weiss, H. and Cragin, J. H. 1977. Atmospheric trace metals and sulphate in the Greenland ice sheet. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada 41, 915–920.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr, R. A. 1979. Global pollution: is the arctic haze actually industrial smog? Science 205, 290–293.
   Google Scholar
• Lantzy, R. J. and Mackenzie, F. T. 1979. Atmospheric trace metals: global cycles and assessment of man’s impact. Geochim. Cosmochim. Ada 43, 511–525.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mart, L. 1979. Prevention of contamination and other accuracy risks in voltammetric trace metal analysis of natural waters (I). Preparatory steps, filtration and storage of water sample. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 296, 350–357.
   Google Scholar
• Mart, L., Nürnberg, H. W. and Valenta, P. 1980. Prevention of contamination and other accuracy risks in voltammetric trace metal analysis of natural waters (III). Voltammetric ultratrace analysis with a multicell system designed for clean bench working. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 300, 350–362.
   Google Scholar
• Mart, L. 1982. The minimisation of accuracy risks in voltammetric ultratrace analysis of heavy metals in natural waters. Talanta 29, 1035–1040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mart, L., Nürnberg, H. W. and Dyrssen. D. 1983. Low-level determination of trace metals in Arctic sea water and snow by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. In Trace metals in sea water (ed. C. S. Wong). New York: Plenum Press, in press.
   Google Scholar
• Murozumi, M., Chow, T. J. and Patterson, C. 1969. Chemical concentrations of pollutant aerosols, terrestrial dusts and sea salts in Greenland and Antarctic snow strata. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 33, 1247–1294.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, A. and Patterson, C. C. 1981. Natural concentrations of lead in ancient-Arctic and Antarctic ice. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 45, 2109–2121.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen, V. D., Valenta, P. and Nürnberg. H. W. 1979. The determination of toxic trace metals in rain water and snow by differential pulse stripping voltammetry. Sci. Tot. Environ. 12, 151–167.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nriagu, J. O. 1979. Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere. Nature 279, 409–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nürnberg, H. W. 1979. Polarography and voltammetry in studies of toxic metals in man and his environment. Sci. Tot. Environ. 12, 35–60.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nürnberg, H. W., Valenta, P. and Nguyen, V. D. 1982. Wet deposition of toxic metals from the atmosphere in the Federal Republic of Germany. Proc. Int. Workshop “Deposition of Atmospheric Pollutants” Oberursel, 1981 (D. Reidel Publ. Comp.) Dordrecht143–157.
   Google Scholar
• Ottar, B. 1981. The transfer of airborne pollutants to the Arctic region. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1439–1445.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson, C. C. and Settle, D. M. 1976. The reduction of order of magnitude errors in lead analyses of biological materials and natural waters by evaluation and controlling the extent and sources of industrial lead contamination introduced during sample collecting and analysis. In Accuracy in trace analysis (ed. P. LaFleur). Natural Bureau of Standards Special Publication Nb 422, 321–351.
   Google Scholar
• Pihlar, B., Valenta, P. and Nürnberg, H. W. 1981. A new high-performance analytical procedure for the voltammetric determination of nickel in routine analysis of waters, biological materials and food. Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 307, 337–346.
   Google Scholar
• Rahn, K. A. and McCaffrey, R. J. 1979. Compositional differences between Arctic aerosol and snow. Nature 280, 479–480.
   Google Scholar
• Rahn, K. A. 1981a. Relative importances of North America and Eurasia as sources of Arctic aerosol. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1447–1455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahn, K. A. 198 lb. The Mn/V ratio as a tracer of large-scale sources of pollution aerosol for the Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1457–1464.
   Google Scholar
• Schaule, B. K. and Patterson, C. C. 1981. Lead concentrations in the Northeast Pacific: evidence for global anthropogenic perturbations. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 54, 97–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schladot, J. D. and Nürnberg, H. W. 1982. Atmosphärische Belastung durch toxische Metalle in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland - Emission und Deposition. Jül-Report, Nuclear Research Center, Jülich.
   Google Scholar
• Settle, D. M. and Patterson, C. C. 1980. Lead in albacore: guide to lead pollution in Americans. Science 207, 1167–1175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaw, G. E. 1981. Eddy diffusion transport of Arctic pollution from the mid-latitudes: a preliminary model. Atmos. Environ. 15, 1483–1490.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valenta, P., Mart, L. and Rützel, H. 1977. New potentialities in ultratrace analysis with differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. J. Electronanal. Chem. 82, 327–343.
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, H., Bertine, K., Koide, M. and Goldberg, E. D. 1975. The chemical composition of a Greenland glacier. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 39, 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss, H., Herron, M. M. and Langway, C. C. 1978. Natural enrichment of elements in snow. Nature 274, 352–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar